| 付梦思，王金辉，吴伟庆，黎颂超，江丹莉，黄运茂，田允波，张续勐.高饲养密度对山麻鸭饲养环境和生长性能的影响[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(7):126-136 |
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高饲养密度对山麻鸭饲养环境和生长性能的影响 |
| Effects of High Stocking Density on Rearing Environment and Growth Performance of Shan Partridge Ducks |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.07.016 |
| 中文关键词: 饲养密度 山麻鸭 内毒素 胸肌 腿肌 胫骨 |
| 英文关键词: stocking density Shan Partridge duck endotoxin pectoral muscle leg muscle tibia |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31902134）；国家重点研发计划重点专项（2016YFD0500510）；广东省现代农业水禽产业技术体系创新团队（2020KJ137）；广东省自然科学基金（2018A030310009） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】饲养密度是影响畜禽规模化生产以及动物福利的关键因素之一。研究饲养密度对山麻鸭
饲养环境、体重、血液内毒素、胫骨及胸腿肌肌纤维发育的影响。【方法】选取 180 只 56 日龄山麻鸭雌鸭随机
分为低密度组（n=30）、中密度组（n=60）和高密度组（n=90）进行水陆 - 平养。于试验期第 0、20、40 d 对
各组饲养环境水体中的细菌数、内毒素和山麻鸭体重、血液内毒素进行测定，对胫骨和胸腿肌进行组织形态学
分析和基因表达检测。【结果】高饲养密度条件下，鸭舍水池水体中沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和总细菌数增加 5 倍
以上（P < 0.05），水体和山麻鸭血液内毒素增加 2 倍以上（P < 0.05），体重平均降低 0.1 kg（P < 0.01），并
且高饲养密度导致山麻鸭胫骨骨质和髓质厚度下降 100~200 μm（P < 0.05），胸肌肌纤维密度显著上升，直径显
著减少，腿肌肌纤维密度显著下降，直径显著增加，炎症因子 IL-6 表达显著升高，并对肌肉生长关键基因（Myod、
Myog 和 Myh1）的表达产生显著影响。【结论】2.5~5 只 /m2 的饲养密度显著减少了山麻鸭养殖环境中细菌和内
毒素的含量，有效促进了胸腿肌和胫骨的发育，为后期通过优化饲养密度、提升山麻鸭生长性能提供了借鉴。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Stocking density is one of the crucial factors influencing large-scale production of livestock
and animal welfare. The study was carried out to explore the effects of different stocking densities on the rearing environment,
body weight, blood endotoxin, tibia and pectoral/leg muscle growth of Shan Partridge ducks.【Method】A total of 180
healthy 56-day-old female Shan Partridge ducks were divided into three groups with different densities: low density group（n
= 30）, medium density group（n = 60）and high density group（n = 90）for land and water rearing. On the 0, 20 and 40
days of the test, the number of bacteria, endotoxin in rearing water, body weight and blood endotoxin were measured, and the
tibia and pectoral/leg musclewere studied by histomorphological and gene expression analysis.【Result】Under high stocking densities, the number of Escherichia coli and total bacteria in rearing water increased by at least 5 times（P < 0.05）, endotoxin
in water and duck blood increased by more than 2 times（P < 0.05）, body weight decreased by about 0.1 kg on average（P <
0.01）. In addition, high stocking densities decreased the thickness of bone and medulla substances of tibia by 100-200 μm （P < 0.05）, increased density and decreased diameter in pectoral muscle myofibers significantly, decreased density and
increased diameter in leg muscle myofibers significantly, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 significantly
and had significant effects on key muscle growth genes（Myod, Myog and Myh1）in pectoral/l eg muscles of Shan Partridge
ducks.【Conclusion】Stocking density of 2.5-5 ducks/m2
deceased the number of bacteria and endotoxin content in the rearing
environment and promoted the pectoral/leg muscle and tibia development of Shan Partridge ducks, providing references for
improving the growth performance of Shan Partridge ducks by optimizing the stocking density. |
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