| 沈会芳，张景欣，杨祁云，蒲小明，孙大元，林壁润.剑兰叶斑病菌鉴定及其生物学特性研究[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(11):88-95 |
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剑兰叶斑病菌鉴定及其生物学特性研究 |
| Identification and Biological Characteristics of Pathogen Causing Leaf Spot on Gladiolus hybridus |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.11.011 |
| 中文关键词: 剑兰 叶斑病 唐菖蒲弯孢霉 生物学特性 药剂敏感性 |
| 英文关键词: Gladiolus hybridus leaf spot Curvularia gladioli biological characteristics fungicide sensitivity |
| 基金项目:广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目（2021KJ112） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1337 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】叶斑病是制约广东省台山市剑兰产业的重要因素，对病原菌进行分类鉴定、生物学特性和杀菌剂敏感性研究，旨在为病害防控提供参考。【方法】基于病菌致病性、形态特征和 rDNA-ITS 序列分析确定病菌分类地位，采用菌丝生长速率法和镜检孢子量测定温度、pH、光照、碳源、氮源和杀菌剂对病菌生长的影响。【结果】分离纯化获得性状一致的 4 株菌株，致病性测定表明人工接种发病症状与田间症状表现一致。病菌分生孢子梗褐色，多单生，具隔膜，顶端屈膝状，大小为 51.0~80.0 m×4.0~7.6 m。分生孢子褐色、弓形、中间宽两端窄，向一侧弯曲，4 个细胞，大小为 23.5~32.0 m×11.5~16.0 m。基于病菌 rDNA-ITS 序列进行系统进化分析，病菌与唐菖蒲弯孢霉（Curvularia gladioli）聚类到一起，形成明显分支。给合病菌形态特征和 rDNAITS 序列分析确定病原菌为唐菖蒲弯孢霉（Curvularia gladioli Boerema & Hamers）。适宜病菌菌丝生长和产孢的温度范围为 26~30 ℃，pH 范围为 5.0~7.0；光照促进菌丝生长，黑暗利于产孢；碳源木糖、葡萄糖和有机氮源牛肉膏适宜菌丝生长和孢子产生。咪鲜胺和代森锰锌对菌丝生长抑制作用最强，EC50 分别为 1.23、2.81 g/mL。【结论】广东省台山市剑兰叶斑病病原菌为菌唐菖蒲弯孢霉，适宜生长温度为 26~30 ℃，pH 为 5.0~7.0，对咪鲜胺和代森锰锌敏感。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Leaf spot is an important factor restricting the gladiolus industry in Taishan City, Guangdong Province. To provide references for controlling the disease, the pathogen was classified and identified, and the biological characteristics and fungicide sensitivity were studied.【Method】The taxonomic status of pathogen was identified based on pathogenicity determination, morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. The effects of temperature, pH, light, carbon source, nitrogen source and fungicide on the pathogen were measured by mycelium growth method and microscopic examination.【Result】Four isolates were purified and obtained from the diseased samples with the same morphological characteristics. The results of pathogenicity determination showed that the symptoms produced by artificial inoculation were consistent with those observed in the field. Conidiophores of the pathogen were brown, mostly solitary, septate, and knee-curved at the top, with the size of 51.0 - 80.0 m×4.0 - 7.6 m. Conidia were brown, arched, four cells, wide in the middle and narrow at both ends, and curved to one side, with the size of 23.5 - 32.0 m×11.5 - 16.0 m. Phylogenetic analysis based on the rDNA-ITS sequences of the pathogen showed that the pathogen and Curvularia gladioli clustered together to form distinct branches. The pathogen was identified as C. gladioli Boerema & Hamers by morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. The optimal temperatures and pH ranges for mycelial growth and sporulation of the pathogen were 26 - 30 ℃ and 5.0 - 7.0, respectively. Light promoted the growth of mycelia and darkness promoted the sporulation. Carbon source xylose, glucose and organic nitrogen source beef extract were beneficial to the growth and spore production. Prochloraz and mancozeb had strongest inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of the pathogen, and EC50 were 1.23 g/mL and 2.81 g/mL, respectively.【Conclusion】The pathogen of Taishan gladiolus leaf spot disease was identified as C. gladioli, which was sensitive to prochloraz and mancozeb. And the optimal temperatures and pH ranges for the growth of the pathogen were 26 - 30 ℃ and pH 5.0 - 7.0, respectively. |
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