| 耿阳阳，刘亚青.含氮磷聚合物复合材料植物培养基的制备[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(2):45-53 |
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含氮磷聚合物复合材料植物培养基的制备 |
| Preparation of Plant Medium Containing Nitrogen andPhosphorus Polymer Composites |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.02.006 |
| 中文关键词: 水凝胶 无土栽培基质 高强度 化学造孔 羟甲基脲 |
| 英文关键词: hydrogel soilless culture substrates high strength chemical pore-forming methylol urea |
| 基金项目:山西省教育厅“聚合物基功能新材料山西省‘1331 工程’重点创新团队”项目；山西省教育厅“新材料产业创新学科群建设”项目；山西省应用基础研究计划面上青年基金（201901D211273） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】研制具有可控孔洞的肥料、基体一体化的双交联网络水凝胶无土栽培基质。【方法】以聚
乙烯醇（PVA）、海藻酸钠（SA）溶液为原料，利用造孔剂碳酸钙（CaCO3
）与造孔助剂柠檬酸（C6H8O7
）化学造孔，
采用化学造孔辅助低温造孔法，制备 Ca2+-PVA/SA 可控孔洞双交联网络水凝胶培养基，通过加入羟甲基脲（MU）、
磷酸二氢钙［Ca(H2
PO4)2
］为植物生长提供营养，制备 Ca2+-PVA/SA-MU 具有可控孔洞的肥料、基体一体化的双
交联网络水凝胶无土栽培基质。采用 FTIR、TG 对制备基质的结构进行表征，通过 SEM 观察基质的表面形貌，
研究原料配比、SA 与 Ca2+ 配比对基质力学性能与孔洞密度及大小的影响。通过油菜培养试验，研究不同配比
基质对幼苗鲜质量、干质量及出苗率的影响。【结果】结构表征表明，Ca2+-PVA/SA-MU 水凝胶具有大孔与微
孔交叉结构；FTIR、TG 测试表明，MU 组分确实复合到 Ca2+-SA/PVA 双交联网络水凝胶中，且 MU 与 PVA 有
氢键作用；力学性能表明，PVA ∶ SA=20 ∶ 1 的植物培养基质压缩性能最好，加入 MU 略微影响水凝胶的力学
性能；培养实验表明，当 SA ∶ CaCO3
=40 ∶ 1 的 Ca2+-SA/PVA-MU 双交联网络水凝胶的发芽率在第 3 天最高，
5 d 后达到 100%。加入 MU 的 Ca2+-SA/PVA-MU 双交联网络水凝胶的发芽增长率整体优于常规 SA/PVA 水凝胶
培养基质。【结论】PVA 和 SA 是一种安全、绿色的材料，适合作为植物生长的无土培养基质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】A soilless culture substrate with double cross-linking network hydrogel containing fertilizer
with controllable pores and substrate integration was developed.【Method】With polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium
alginate (SA) solution as raw materials, the Ca2+-PVA/SA double cross-linking network hydrogel medium with controllable
pores was prepared by chemical pore-making method with pore-making agent calcium carbonate (CaCO3
) and pore-making
agent citric acid (C6H8O7
). By adding hydroxymethylurea (MU), calcium dihydrogen phosphate［Ca(H2
PO4)2
］provided
nutrients for plant growth, and a soilless culture substrate of Ca2+-PVA/SA-MU with controllable holes was prepared. The
structure of the prepared substrate was characterized by FTIR and TG, and the surface morphology of the substrate was
observed by SEM. The effects of ratio of raw materials as well as ratio of SA and Ca2+ on the mechanical properties of the substrate and the density and size of the pores were studied. The effects of different ratios of substrate on fresh weight, dry
weight and seedling emergence rate of rapeseed were studied by culture experiment.【Result】The structure characterization
result showed that Ca2+-PVA/SA-MU hydrogel had macropore and micropore cross structure. FTIR and TG tests showed that
MU was indeed compounded into Ca2+-SA /PVA double cross-linked hydrogel, and MU had hydrogen bonding with PVA. The
mechanical properties showed that PVA ∶ SA=20 ∶ 1 substrate had the best compression performance, and the addition of
MU slightly affected the mechanical properties of hydrogel. Culture experiments showed that the germination rate of Ca2+-SA/
PVA-MU double crosslinking network hydrogel reached the highest at the 3rd day when SA ∶ CaCO3
=40 ∶ 1, and reached
100% after 5 days. The germination rate of Ca2+-SA/PVA-MU double crosslinking network hydrogel added with MU was better
than that of conventional SA/PVA hydrogel.【Conclusion】PVA and SA are safe and green materials, which are suitable to be
selected as soilless culture substrates for plant growth. |
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