| 席瑶瑶，赵贵哲，刘亚青.磷酸盐改性脲甲醛缓控释肥的制备及性能研究[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(2):54-63 |
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磷酸盐改性脲甲醛缓控释肥的制备及性能研究 |
| Study on Preparation and Performance of Phosphate ModifiedUrea Formaldehyde Slow-controlled Release Fertilizer |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.02.007 |
| 中文关键词: 磷酸盐 结晶度 脲甲醛 缓释性能 溶液聚合 |
| 英文关键词: phosphate crystallinity urea formaldehyde slow-release performance solution polymerization |
| 基金项目:山西省教育厅“聚合物基功能新材料山西省‘1331 工程’重点创新团队”项目；山西省教育厅“新材料产业创新学科群”建设项目 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1164 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】脲甲醛（UF）缓释肥料的养分释放周期过长，通常会达到 1~2 年，不利于作物对养分充
分吸收。采用磷酸盐对 UF 改性，以缩短 UF 的养分释放周期，使缓控释肥料养分释放更匹配作物生长所需规
律。【方法】采用溶液聚合配合原位挤出技术，在生成 UF 的过程中，将磷酸盐〔磷酸二氢钙（MCP）、磷酸二
氢铵（ADP）和磷矿粉（PRP）〕穿插在形成的 UF 大分子链间，制备得到新型含氮、磷养分的缓控释肥料。采
用 TG、XRD 和 FTIR 等手段对肥料的结构和官能团进行表征和分析，通过 XPS 研究肥料表面元素价态的变化。
【结果】ADP 在 UF 基体中分散性最好，对 UF 分子间氢键的破坏程度最大。处理后 90 d，UF、MCP 改性 UF
（MCP-UF）、ADP 改性 UF（ADP-UF）、PRP 改性 UF（PRP-UF）的氮累计释放率分别为 68.46%、76.47%、
80.45%、78.17%，比 42 d 时分别增加 7.15、10.20、9.10 和 10.83 个百分点。综上所述，磷酸盐的加入使改性缓
控释肥料结晶度降低，氮磷养分具有优异的缓释效果。【结论】制备得到的缓控释肥料 MCP-UF、ADP-UF 和
PRP-UF 表明，UF 中加入磷酸盐能改善氮磷养分释放，使其更匹配作物生长所需，有利于肥料的大批量工业化
生产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The nutrient release cycle of urea-formaldehyde (UF) slow-release fertilizer is
too long, usually up to 1-2 years, which is not conducive to the full absorption of nutrients by crops. In order to
shorten the nutrient release cycle of UF, the phosphate was used to modify UF in order that the nutrient release of
the prepared slow-controlled release fertilizer was more suitable for the law of crop growth.【Method】With the
combination of solution polymerization and in-situ extrusion technology, in the process of generating UF, phosphates
(calcium dihydrogen phosphate MCP, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate ADP and phosphate rock powder PRP)
were interspersed between the formed UF macromolecular chains. A new type of slow-controlled release fertilizer
containing nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients was prepared. The structure and functional groups of the fertilizer were
characterized and analyzed by means of TG, XRD and FTIR, and the changes in the surface element valence state of
the fertilizer were studied by XPS.【Result】ADP had the best dispersibility in the UF matrix and the greatest damage to the intermolecular hydrogen bonds of UF. After being treated for 90 days, the cumulative nitrogen release rates of UF,
MCP-modified UF (MCP-UF), ADP-modified UF (ADP-UF) and PRP-modified UF (PRP-UF) were 68.46%, 76.47%,
80.45% and 78.17%, respectively, which increased by 7.15%, 10.20%, 9.1%, and 10.83% respectively compared with
those at 42 d. In summary, the addition of phosphate reduced the crystallinity of the modified slow-controlled release
fertilizer, and the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients showed an excellent slow-release effect.【Conclusion】Slowcontrolled release fertilizers MCP-UF, ADP-UF and PRP-UF were prepared. The addition of phosphate to UF improves
the release of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, making it more suitable for crop growth, which is conducive to the largescale in dustrial production of fertilizers. |
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