| 郭栋梁，黄石连，向 旭.2022 年广东荔枝生产形势分析[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(6):130-137 |
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2022 年广东荔枝生产形势分析 |
| Analysis of Guangdong Litchi Production Situation in 2022 |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.06.016 |
| 中文关键词: 荔枝 品种 产量 成熟期 生产形势 |
| 英文关键词: litchi cultivar yield maturity period production situation |
| 基金项目:广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目（2022KJ107）；广东省财政厅 2020 年乡村振兴战略专
项（农业科技能力提升）课题（TS-1-1） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】分析 2022 年广东荔枝生产情况，为指导广东荔枝生产提供可靠的数据支撑。【方法】结
合荔枝产业联盟、各试验站、荔枝种植大户提供的荔枝种植品种、面积、物候期、成花率、座果率和预期产量
等数据，预测 2022 年广东荔枝产量。【结果】5 月底 6 月初，粤西各大产区部分早熟荔枝品种已开始成熟，中
迟熟荔枝品种度过第 3 次生理落果期、产量基本稳定。预计 2022 年广东荔枝产量约 119.00 万 t，比 2021 年减产
18.6%。其中，早熟品种妃子笑、白糖罂分别减产 21.11% 和 15.52%；中晚熟品种桂味、糯米糍减产幅度较大，
分别为 39.72% 和 34.57%；怀枝则增产 9.61%。近年来主推新品种仙进奉、井岗红糯、凤山红灯笼、岭丰糯、
观音绿和御金球等由于投产面积增加，预计比 2021 年增产 10.00% 以上。粤西早熟产区荔枝产量下降明显，较
2021 年约减产 30.25%；粤东晚熟产区荔枝产量稳定，与 2021 年基本持平；粤中中晚熟产区产量减产 8.35%。【结
论】2022 年广东荔枝成花较好，但受低温阴雨气候影响座果率低，导致产量降低，为近 5 年的中等偏低年份，
仅高于 2019 年的 109.00 万 t。荔枝花期比常年推迟 10 d 以上，预计成熟上市期相应推迟 10~15 d。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Litchi production in Guangdong Province in 2022 was analyzed, with a view to providing
reliable data support for guiding the production of litchi in Guangdong.【Method】Based on the data of litchi cultivars,
cultivated area, phenological period, flowering rate, fruit setting rate and expected yield provided by litchi industry alliances,
experimental stations and large litchi growers, the yield of litchi in Guangdong in 2022 was predicted.【Result】At the end
of May and beginning of June, some early maturing varieties in western Guangdong have begun to mature, and the mid-late
maturing varieties have passed the third physiological fruit drop period, and the yield is basically stable. It is estimated that
the yield of litchi in Guangdong is about 1.19 million tons in 2022, which is about 18.6% lower than that in last year. Among
them, the yields of early maturing varieties Feizixiao and Baitangyin are reduced by 21.11% and 15.52%, respectively. The yields of late maturing varieties Guiwei and Nuomici are reduced by 39.72% and 34.57%, respectively. The yield of Huaizhi
is increased by more than 9.61%. In recent years, due to the increase of production area, the yield of the main new varieties of
Xianjinfeng, Jingganghongnuo, Fengshanhongdenglong, Lingfengnuo, Guanyinlv and Yujinqiu is increased by more than 10%
compared with that in last year. Litchi yield of the early maturing area in western Guangdong is decreased significantly, about
30.25% lower than that in 2021. The yield of late maturing area in eastern Guangdong is stable, basically the same as that in
2021. The yield of mid-late maturing areas in central Guangdong is reduced by 8.35%.【Conclusion】In 2022, Guangdong
litchi has good flowering and low fruit setting rate due to low temperature and rainy climate, resulting in lower yield, which is a
medium low year in recent 5 years, only higher than the yield of 1.09 million tons in 2019. The flowering period of litchi is over
10 days later than that of the year round, and the listing period is expected to be 10-15 days later. |
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