不同种植密度对积雪草光合特性、产量及品质的影响

姚绍嫦; 明如宏; 傅. 鹏; 潘东进; 蒋向军; 李良波; 黄荣韶

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姚绍嫦，明如宏，傅. 鹏，潘东进，蒋向军，李良波，黄荣韶.不同种植密度对积雪草光合特性、产量及品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(7):16-25

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Effects of Different Planting Densities onPhotosynthetic Characteristics, Yield andQuality of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.07.003

中文关键词: 积雪草种植密度光合特性叶绿素含量积雪草苷羟基积雪草苷

英文关键词: Centella asiatica planting density photosynthetic characteristics chlorophyll content asiaticoside madecassoside

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC1712305）；广西自然科学基金（桂科 AD212200832020）；2020年广西高等学校千名中青年骨干教师培育计划项目

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姚绍嫦，明如宏，傅. 鹏，潘东进，蒋向军，李良波，黄荣韶

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中文摘要:

【目的】探明种植密度对积雪草光合特性、产量和品质的影响，为积雪草的高产优质人工栽培提供理论依据。【方法】采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计的方法，设置 3 万、6 万、12 万、16 万、25 万株 / hm2 5 个不同种植密度，利用便携式光合测定系统 Li-6400 测定积雪草叶片的光合参数，通过 HPLC 测定药材中积雪草苷与羟基积雪草苷的质量分数。【结果】种植密度对积雪草的分枝数、单株干质量、茎粗、叶片厚度、叶柄长、叶长与、叶宽等形态指标均无显著影响。随着种植密度的增加，积雪草叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间 CO2 浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势；Pn 在密度 12 万株 /hm2 时最高，为 15.24 μmol CO2 /（m2 ·s），但与 6 万株 /hm2 密度无显著差异；在 6 万株 /hm2 密度下，叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b、叶绿素总量、Gs、Ci、Tr 均达到最大值，均显著高于其他密度。积雪草的鲜质量、干质量、折干率均随着种植密度的增加呈先升高后降低的变化趋势，以 6 万株 /hm2 最高，分别为 21.44 t/hm2 、4.20 t/ hm2 、19.60%，均显著高于其他密度处理。不同种植密度的积雪草苷与羟基积雪草苷总质量分数为 1.95%~2.73%，均远超过《中国药典》2020 年版的规定（0.8%）；随着种植密度的增加，积雪草苷与羟基积雪草苷的质量分数均呈先缓慢上升再下降的变化趋势，以 6 万株 /hm2 的积雪草苷与羟基积雪草苷质量分数总和最高、达 2.73%。相关性分析结果显示，Tr 与药材鲜质量之间呈显著正相关，而药材干质量则与 Tr、Gs 等光合参数以及叶绿素总量均呈显著正相关。【结论】积雪草大棚栽培最适宜的种植密度为 6 万株 /hm2 ，合理密植能有效增强积雪草的光合特性和光合效率，进而提高药材产量与品质。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The study was carried out to investigate the effects of different planting densities on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, which will provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of yield and quality during artificial cultivation.【Method】Five different planting densities, including 30 000, 60 000 , 120 000 , 160 000 , and 250 000 plants/hm2 , were set in greenhouse by using single factor randomized block design. The Li-6400 portable photosynthesis measure system was used to determine the photosynthetic characteristics in leaves and the content of asiaticoside and madecassoside in herbs was determined by HPLC.【Result】The planting density had no significant effects on branching number, dry weight per plant, stem diameter, leaf thickness, petiole length, leaf length and width of C asiatica (L.) Urban seedlings among in five different densities. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr) increased gradually and then decreased with the increase of density. Although the highest Pn 〔(15.241 μmol CO2 /(m2 ·s) ﹞ was appeared at the density of 120 000 plants/hm2 , there was no significant difference between 60 000 and 120 000 plants/hm2 . The highest chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll total content, Gs, Ci, and Tr were all appeared under the 60 000 plants/hm2 , which was significantly higher than those of other treatments. With the increase of density, the fresh yield, the dry yield, and the drying rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, which were the highest (21.437 t/hm2 , 4.196 t/hm2 , and 19.599%, respectively) when the density was 60 000 plants/hm2 . At the density of 60 000 plants/hm2 , all the fresh yield, the dry yield, and the drying rate were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The total contents of asiaticoside and madecassoside ranged from 1.95% to 2.78% among different densities, which were exceeded the requirement of Chinese Pharmacopoeia Version 2020 (0.8%). The contents of asiaticoside and madecassoside also showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing as the increase of density, and the total contents of asiaticoside and madecassoside were the highest (2.73%) when the density was 60 000 plants/ hm2 . Correlation analysis results showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between fresh yield and Tr, and a significantly positive correlation were also appeared among dry yield and Tr, Gs as well as total chlorophyll.【Conclusion】 Planting density of 60 000 plants/hm2 was the most appropriate for C. asiatica in greenhouse. Reasonably dense planting could effectively increase the photosynthetic characteristics, increase photosynthetic efficiency, and improve the yield and quality of medicinal plants.

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