| 吴雅倩，李. 娟，涂攀峰，刘金养，陈杰忠，姚. 青.白柿在广东地区的引种表现及栽培技术[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(7):42-48 |
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白柿在广东地区的引种表现及栽培技术 |
| Introduction Performance and Cultivation Techniques of White Sapote in Guangdong Area |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.07.006 |
| 中文关键词: 白柿 生物学特性 枝梢生长 物候期 果实品质 栽培技术 |
| 英文关键词: white sapote biological characteristic shoot growth phenological period fruit quality cultivation technique |
| 基金项目:广东省农业农村厅乡村振兴战略专项（2020-440000-02160800-8563）；广东省科技计划项目（2018B020202009）；广东省柑橘芒果产业技术体系专项（2019KJ108） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】国内白柿规模化种植正处于起步阶段，有关白柿在广东地区的适应性尚不明确。明确白
柿在广东栽培的物候期、开花结实习性，并总结其栽培技术，可为白柿大规模种植提供指导。【方法】以白柿
品种 W4 为材料，观察该品种植物学特性、物候期、果实生长规律、落果情况及果实品质，并从建园、肥水管理、
整形修剪、病虫害防治、果实采收等方面阐述其优质栽培技术。【结果】白柿花期在 1 月下旬至 2 月初，一年
中枝梢生长存在 3 次生长高峰，分别在 4 月、6 月、9 月，11 月至翌年 2 月为缓慢生长期。果实生长发育过程中
存在 3 次落果高峰，分别在 3 月中旬、4 月中旬以及 5—6 月的采前落果。果实生长符合“单 S 型”生长曲线，
果实近球形或扁球形，平均单果质量 148.93 g，果形指数 0.83，果实入口即化，可食率达 79.7%，可溶性固形物
含量 20.36%，固酸比为 45.83。白柿树体较耐寒，可耐 - 2~ - 4℃低温，高于广东最冷月（1 月份）的平均气温，
可在广东大部分地区栽培种植。【结论】白柿品种 W4 在广州生长势良好、适应性强、单果质量大、风味佳、
品质优，在市场上有较高经济效益，是一种具有种植潜力的新兴果树树种，但在栽培上应注意防治炭疽病和煤
污病。白柿适合在广东地区土质疏松、排灌良好的坡地种植，幼树应进行矮化处理、注意控制树形。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The large-scale cultivation of white sapote in China is in its initial stage, and the adaptability
of white sapote in Guangdong is not clear yet. Clarifying the phenology of white sapote in Guangdong as well as its flowering
and fruiting habits and summarizing cultivation techniques can provide guidance for the large-scale cultivation of white
sapote.【Method】A white sapote cultivar 'W4' was used as the research material to observe its botanical characteristics,
phenology, fruit growth law, fruit setting and fruit quality. The key points of its high-quality cultivation techniques were
expounded from aspects of garden construction, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, pest control and fruit
harvesting.【Result】The flowering period of white sapote on was from late January to early February, and there were three growth peaks of shoot growth in April, June and September, respectively. The slow growth period was from November to next
February. During fruit growth and development, there were three fruit-dropping peaks, which were in mid-March, mid-April
and May to June before harvest. The average fruit weight is 148.93 g, and the shape index is 0.83. The fruit melts in the mouth
like ice cream, the edible rate is 79.7%, the soluble solid content is 20.36%, and the solid acid ratio is 45.83. White sapote
can withstand a low temperature of -2 - -4℃ , which is higher than the average temperature of the coldest month (January) in
Guangdong. Therefore, it can be cultivated in most areas of Guangdong.【Conclusion】This variety has good growth potential,
strong adaptability, large single fruit quality, good flavor and excellent quality, and has high economic benefit in the market. It
is a new fruit variety with planting potential. Attention should be paid to preventing anthracnose and sooty blotch in cultivation.
White sapote is suitable for planting on the slope with loose soil and good drainage and irrigation in Guangdong. Dwarfing
treatment should be done and tree shape be controlled for young trees. |
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