不同 LED 光质对乒乓菊植株生长和开花性状的影响

罗红辉 1; 伍　青 1; 侯军晓 2; 李泽余 1; 李景文 2; 王凤兰 1; 周厚高1

文章摘要

罗红辉 1，伍　青 1，侯军晓 2，李泽余 1，李景文 2，王凤兰 1，周厚高1.不同 LED 光质对乒乓菊植株生长和开花性状的影响[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(12):44-54

查看全文 HTML 不同 LED 光质对乒乓菊植株生长和开花性状的影响

Effects of Different LED Light Qualities on Plant Growth and Flower Traits of Chrysanthemum Ping Pong

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.12.005

中文关键词: 乒乓菊 LED 光质组合红蓝远红光植株生长白蓝光花色花朵品质

英文关键词: Chrysanthemum ‘Ping Pong’ LED light combination far-red to red-blue light plant growth white blue light flower color flower quality

基金项目:广州市科技计划项目（202102021115）；广东省普通高校特色创新项目（2021KTSCX047）；广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2020B020220009）

作者	单位
罗红辉 1，伍　青 1，侯军晓 2，李泽余 1，李景文 2，王凤兰 1，周厚高1	1. 仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院 / 广东省普通高校热带亚热带花卉与园林植物重点实验室，广东广州 510225；2. 广州骄阳农业有限公司，广东广州 510653

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中文摘要:

【目的】针对华南地区高温环境下菊花花色等性状不稳定的现象，探索有效的 LED 光质组合以调控菊花的生长和花色等开花性状，为菊花实际生产提供 LED 光照栽培技术的理论参考。【方法】通过对商业流行菊花品种粉乒乓和紫乒乓苗龄为 35 d 的盆栽苗进行 RBFR（光通量 PPFD 比值为红光∶蓝光∶远红光≈ 10 ∶ 7 ∶ 2.5）、RBUV（红光∶蓝光∶紫外光≈ 10 ∶ 6 ∶ 0.5）、WB（白光∶蓝光≈ 10 ∶ 4.8）等 LED 光质组合处理，以 LED 白光处理为对照（CK），各组均设置总光强约为 240 μmol/m2·s，共处理 80 d，定期观测乒乓菊从幼苗到成熟开花生长过程中的性状指标变化。【结果】（1）RBFR 处理粉乒乓 80 d、紫乒乓 70 d，株高分别比 CK 增加 1 8.3% 和 27.3%、茎粗增加 14.1% 和 38.1%、叶柄长增加 0.4% 和 34.8%，且处理 70 d 的紫乒乓叶长、叶宽、叶片鲜质量、叶片干质量分别比 CK 增加 18.6%、5.8%、25.6%、45.5%，以上指标均为所有光质处理组中最大。（2）处理 70 d 时，以 WB 处理的粉乒乓顶花花梗长度、顶花花径、顶花舌状花瓣长和宽、侧花花径等指标最大，分别比 CK 增加 4.5%、2.3%、10.9% 和 17.3%、19.1%，而且花瓣粉红色加深程度最大；同时，WB 处理紫乒乓的最大花朵直径和花瓣紫色加深程度也最大。开花性状提升效果次之的是 RBFR 处理，其中粉乒乓的侧花花梗长度在所有处理中最大，比 CK 显著增加 28.3%；紫乒乓以花苞数量、展开的头状花序数量、侧花花梗长度、最大花朵舌状花瓣长和宽等指标值最大，分别比 CK 增加 32.3%、15.0%、38.4%、5.8% 和 12.8%，且 RBFR 处理还促使乒乓菊花朵提前开放。（3）RBUV 处理的乒乓菊生长指标与 CK 相差不大，而叶片数增多、叶片 SPAD 值增大、叶片干质量比率明显升高，但 Fv/Fm 值下降幅度大于其他处理，且花朵品质明显下降。【结论】RBFR 处理可明显促进乒乓菊植株营养生长和侧花花梗长度增长，且促进花朵提前开放；而 WB 处理可明显提升乒乓菊的花朵品质，两种 LED 光质组合可为利用人工光源提升菊花品质提供参考。

英文摘要:

【Objective】Due to the instability of flower color and some other growth traits of chrysanthemums growing in high temperature environment in South China, effective LED light combinations were investigated to regulate the growth and flower color of chrysanthemums in order to provide theoretical references of LED light cultivation technology for the production of chrysanthemums.【Method】Different LED light combination treatments of RBFR (the photosynthetic photon flux density PPFD ratio of red ∶ blue ∶ far-red light ≈ 10 ∶ 7 ∶ 2.5), RBUV (red ∶ blue ∶ ultraviolet light ≈ 10 ∶ 6 ∶ 0.5) and WB (white ∶ blue ≈ 10 ∶ 4.8) were performed on 35-day-old potted seedlings of commercially popular chrysanthemum cultivars of ‘Pink Ping Pong’and Purple Ping Pong, the LED white light treatment was used as the CK group, the total light intensity of each group was set to be about 240 μmol·m-2s-1, and all treatments lasted for 80 days. The changes of growth trait indicators of the chrysanthemums growing from seedling to mature flowering were observed and photographed.【Result】(1) Compared with CK group, the plant heights of 80-day-treatment Pink Ping Pong and 70-day-treatment Purple Ping Pong under RBFR treatment increased by 18.3% and 27.3% respectively, the stem thicknesses increased by 14.1% and 38.1% respectively, the petiole lengths increased by 0.4% and 34.8% respectively; and the mean values of leaf length, leaf width, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight of the 70-day-treatment Purple Ping Pong under RBFR treatment were 18.6%, 5.8%, 25.6% and 45.5% higher than those of CK group, respectively; values of the above growth trait indicators were the highest among all treatment groups. (2) In terms of flowering trait indicators of the 70-day-treatment Ping Pong, mean values of peduncle length, peduncle diameter, petal length and petal width of the top capitulum and diameter of side capitulum of ‘Pink Ping Pong’under WB treatment were the highest among all treatment groups, which were 4.5%, 2.3%, 10.9%, 17.3%, and 19.1% higher than those of CK group respectively, and the petals were of the most pink color. At the same time, Purple Ping Pong of WB group had the largest flower diameter and the petals were of the most purple color. In addition, RBFR treatment was the second most effective in improving flower traits, and peduncle length of the side capitulum of Pink Ping Pong was the longest among all treatment groups, which was 28.3% longer than that of CK group; mean values of number of buds, number of expended capitulums, peduncle length of side capitulum, petal length and petal width of the largest capitulum were also the highest among all treatment groups, which were 32.3%, 15.0%, 38.4%, 5.8% and 12.8% higher than those of CK group respectively; in addition, RBFR treatment also resulted in the early opening of capitulums of Chrysanthemum ‘Ping Pong’. (3) The growth traits of Chrysanthemum Ping Pong under RBUV treatment were not significantly different from those of CK group, but the number of leaves and the SPAD value of leaves increased, and the ratio of leaf dry weight were significantly increased, however, the decrease of Fv/Fm value decreased was larger than that of other groups and the flower quality decreased obviously.【Conclusion】It can be seen that RBFR treatment can significantly promote the vegetative growth and pe duncle length of the side capitulum of Chrysanthemum Ping Pong, and result in the early opening of the capitulums. Meanwhile, WB treatment significantly improves the flower quality. Therefore, the two LED light combinations can provide a reference for people to use artificial lights to improve the planting quality of chrysanthemums in the future.

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