| 罗旖文 1，胡韵菲1，周灿芳 1，梁俊芬 1，杨 光 2，刘淑娴 1.广州市农村家庭经营收入增长特点、瓶颈与发展对策[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(1):128-140 |
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广州市农村家庭经营收入增长特点、瓶颈与发展对策 |
| Characteristics, Bottlenecks and Development Countermeasures of Rural Household Business Income Growth in Guangzhou City |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.01.012 |
| 中文关键词: 都市农业 农村家庭经营 收入增长 收入结构 广州 |
| 英文关键词: urban agriculture rural household magnagement income growth income structure Guangzhou |
| 基金项目:广州市农村发展研究中心研究项目（SNKTYJ 2020-01）；广东省农业科学院中青年学科带头人培养计划项目（R2020PY-JG014）；广东省哲学社会科学青年项目（GD21YGL11）；广东省农业科学院创新基金软科学面上项目（202030）；广州市基础与应用基础研究项目（202201011538） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】在农业发展进入转型升级攻坚期的背景下，对都市农业新型经营主体发展和转型过程中所体现的特点进行梳理，为解决农户生产经营过程中面临的实质性困难找到着力点。【方法】采用统计年鉴、农业农村部农村固定观察点及抽样调研农户等数据，总结广州市农村家庭经营收入近年发展特征和趋势；进一步分析家庭农场调查数据，揭示当前都市化地区农村家庭经营面临的瓶颈。【结果】2000—2020 年广州农村居民工资性收入占比由 40% 增长到 73%，经营性收入占比从 50% 下降到 11%；虽然广州市农村居民整体上对经营性收入依赖度下降，但经营净收入对中等和中等偏上收入户增收起到相对重要的作用。广州农村家庭经营农场从“小、多、全、散”向“成规模的单一而专业”转型过渡，逐步呈现三产融合发展态势，但采用农业设施或先进机械的农场比例较低，绿色发展意识不强。【结论】当前广州农民家庭农场家庭经营规模适应了都市农业的高成本与高风险，但农村居民经营性收入缺乏内生动力，从事农业生产的劳动效率有待提升，长远发展仍然面临资金不足、社会化服务落后、销售渠道不通和村庄基础条件不完善的问题。因此，须激发经营性收入增长内生动力，出台人才、金融与技能服务、产业集群和绿色发展相关政策，协同促进农民家庭经营性收入持续增长。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Under the background of the transformation and upgrading of agricultural development, sorting out the characteristics reflected in the development and transformation of new urban agricultural business entities is condusive to finding the focus of solving the substantive difficulties faced by farmers in the production and operation process.【Method】The development characteristics and trends of rural household business income in Guangzhou in recent years were summarized by adopting data from statistical yearbooks, fixed observation points in rural areas of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and sampling survey of farmers; And family farm survey data was further analyzed to reveal the bottlenecks faced by the rural household management in urban areas.【Result】From 2000 to 2020, the income structure of rural residents in Guangzhou changed dramatically. The proportion of wage income increased from 40% to 73%, and the proportion of business income decreased from 50% to 11%. The overall dependence on business income has decreased; however, the net business income plays a relatively important role in increasing the income of middle and upper middle-income households. Rural family-run farms in Guangzhou are transitioning from “small, multiple, complete and scattered” to “large-scale, single and professional” and gradually showing a trend of integration of three industries. However, the proportion of farms using agricultural facilities or advanced machinery is low, and the awareness of green development is not strong enough.【Conclusion】The research reveals that the current household operation scale of farmers' family farms in Guangzhou has adapted tothe high cost and risk of urban agriculture. However, the business income of rural residents lacks endogenous power, and the labor efficiency of agricultural production needs to be improved. The long-term development still faces the problems of insufficient funds, backward social services, blocked sales channels, and poor basic conditions of villages. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate the endogenous power of business income growth, formulate policies on talents, finance and skills services, industrial clusters, and green development, and push the sustainable growth of rural household business income. |
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