| 吕晓波，钟才荣，张孟文，方赞山，程 成，陈 旭.海南东寨港秋茄种群结构与数量动态变化特征研究[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(3):39-48 |
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海南东寨港秋茄种群结构与数量动态变化特征研究 |
| Dynamic Change Characteristics of Population Structure and Quantity of Kandelia obovata in Dongzhai Harnor of Hainan |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.03.005 |
| 中文关键词: 东寨港 红树林 秋茄 种群结构 种群动态变化 生态修复 |
| 英文关键词: Dongzhai Harnor mangrove Kandelia obovata population structure dynamic change of population ecological restoration |
| 基金项目:海南省林业科学研究院（海南省红树林研究院）基础性科研工作（SQKY2022-0003）；海南省重大科技计划项目（ZDKJ202008） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】秋茄（Kandelia obovata）是海南常见的红树林树种，也是红树林生态修复使用较多的树种，近年来随着全球气候变化和人为干扰的增加，红树林生态系统面临较为严重的威胁，通过建立固定样地监测红树林的群落和种群的动态变化，对于红树林的保护和修复具有重要研究价值。【方法】以海南东寨港国家级红树林保护区内建设的 1 hm2 固定样地中的秋茄种群作为研究对象，对其种群的结构特征和数量动态变化特征进行分析研究。【结果】（1）研究区内秋茄种群径级结构呈现不规则的金字塔型，Ⅰ ~ Ⅳ龄级的个体数量之和占种群个体总数的 75.4%，Ⅳ龄级后植株个体数量降低趋势明显。（2）秋茄种群各龄级个体数量表现为“衰退 -衰退 - 衰退 - 增长 - 增长 - 增长 - 增长”的变化趋势。种群整体的数量变化动态指数 Vpi 和 V'pi 均大于 0、且趋近于 0，反映出该区域的秋茄种群为增长型种群，对外界干扰敏感性较高，受到外界干扰时增长趋势不明显。（3）秋茄种群的静态生命表中，种群生命期望值总体上呈现逐渐降低的趋势。（4）秋茄种群的存活曲线拟合方程为 y=2406e-0.505x、R2 为 0.962、F 值为 194.036、P<0.001，表明秋茄种群的存活曲线符合 Deevey- Ⅲ型曲线。（5）秋茄种群的死亡率和消失率均表现为先增加后降低再增加的变化趋势，均在Ⅴ、Ⅸ龄级出现峰值，分别为52%、73% 和 77%、92%。（6）生存分析中秋茄种群的生存率（Si）逐渐降低，而累计死亡率（Fi）逐渐上升，两者在Ⅱ ~ Ⅲ龄级间出现交叉。秋茄种群的死亡密度（fti）和危险率（λti）均呈现递减的变化趋势，且Ⅰ和Ⅱ龄级间下降明显，其中死亡密度在第Ⅷ龄级出现最小值、为 0.3%。（7）时间序列分析反映出秋茄种群虽然低龄级的个体数量较多，但未来几个龄级时间后能发育到较高龄级的个体相对较少，未来的种群将以中、高龄级的个体为主。【结论】研究区秋茄种群是增长型种群，对外界干扰较为敏感，高龄级种群数量的动态变化要比低龄级更为平稳，未来种群将以高龄级的个体为主。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】As a common mangrove tree species in Hainan, Kandelia obovata is also a tree species widely used in mangrove ecological restoration. In recent years, global climate change and the increase of human disturbance have brought serious threats to mangrove ecosystem. Therefore, establishing fixed plots to monitor the dynamic changes of mangrove communities and populations has important research value for the protection and restoration of mangroves.【Method】The population structure characteristics and the dynamic change of the population in a fixed 1 hm2 plot in the national mangrove reserve of Dongzhai Harbor, Hainan Province were analyzed and studied.【Result】(1) The diameter class structure of the K. obovata population in the area showed an irregular pyramid shape, and the total number of individuals in the Ⅰ - Ⅳ age class accounted for 75.4% of the total number of individuals in the population, and the number of individuals in the Ⅳ age class
decreased obviously. (2) The dynamic changes in the number of individuals in various age groups showed a trend of “recession - recession - recession - growth - growth growth - growth”. The dynamic indices Vpi and V'pi of the whole population were both greater than 0 and tend to be 0, indicating that the K. obovata population in this area was a growth population with high sensitivity to external interference, and the growth trend was not obvious when subjected to external interference. (3) In the static life table of the K. obovata population, the life expectation of the population showed a trend of decreasing gradually. (4) The survival curve fitting equation was y=2406e-0.505x, R2 = 0.962, F = 194.036, P < 0.001, indicating that the survival curve of the K. obovata population was consistent with the Deevey- Ⅲ curve. (5) Both the mortality rate and disappearance rate showed a trend of increasing first, decreasing then increasing again. The peaks of appeared in Ⅴ and Ⅸ age classes were 52%, 73% and 77%, 92%, respectively. (6) Survival analysis showed that the survival rate (Si) decreased gradually, while the cumulative death rate (Fi) increased gradually. There was a crossover point between the Ⅱ and Ⅲ age classes. The death density (fti) and the risk rate (λti) of the population showed a decreasing trend, and the death density decreased sharply between the I and Ⅱ age classes, and the minimum value of death density was 0.3% in the Ⅷ age class. (7) Time series analysis also reflected that although there were a large number of individuals at the lower age level, relatively few individuals would develop to the older age level in the future several age levels, and the majority of the future population would be individuals at the middle and older age levels.【Conclusion】The results reflect that the K. obovata population of the research area is a growing population, which is more sensitive to external interference. The dynamic change of the numberof the senior population is more stable than that of the younger population, and the population in the future will be dominated by the senior individuals. |
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