芽胞杆菌 ZKY01 防控花生果腐病研究

魏欣莹 1; 邢珏珺 1; 苗 爽 1; 秦 迪 1; 邓小银 2; 李华勇3; 喻国辉 1

文章摘要

魏欣莹 1，邢珏珺 1，苗爽 1，秦迪 1，邓小银 2，李华勇3，喻国辉 1.芽胞杆菌 ZKY01 防控花生果腐病研究[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(3):97-104

查看全文 HTML 芽胞杆菌 ZKY01 防控花生果腐病研究

Study on the Bio-Control Efficiency of Peanut Pod Rot by Bacillus ZKY01

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.03.011

中文关键词: 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌生理生化特性生物被膜花生果腐病生物防治

英文关键词: Bacillus velezensis physiological and biochemical characteristics biofilm peanut pod rot biocontrol

基金项目:广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目（2019KJ136-06，2020KJ136-06，2021KJ136-06，2022KJ136-06）

作者	单位
魏欣莹 1，邢珏珺 1，苗爽 1，秦迪 1，邓小银 2，李华勇3，喻国辉 1	1. 仲恺农业工程学院植物健康创新研究院 / 农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室 / 广东省普通高校果蔬病虫害绿色防控重点实验室，广东广州 510225；2. 罗定市农产品质量安全监督检测站，广东罗定 527299；3. 罗定市船步镇基础综合服务中心，广东罗定 527225

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中文摘要:

【目的】镰刀菌复合感染引起的花生果腐病是广东花生重大土传病害，严重影响花生的产量和品质。针对花生果腐病筛选出生防菌并对其开展鉴定、生理生化测试和田间防控效果评估，以期为花生果腐病绿色防控提供理论依据。【方法】采用平板拮抗法从实验室保存的生防芽胞杆菌中筛选对花生果腐病病原菌具有广谱拮抗活性的菌株，然后结合 16S rDNA、gyrA 和 gyrB 序列扩增结果和系统发育分析开展菌株鉴定，并测定菌株的生理生化指标和 Biolog-GN 板碳源利用能力，利用 MSgg、BGM1、BGDM 培养基测定菌株的生物被膜形成能力，并通过大田小区试验测定菌株的田间防病效果。【结果】生防菌株 ZKY01 对花生果腐病病原菌 Fusarium sp. G15、F. oxysporum R5 和 F. solani R4.2 具有较好的广谱拮抗活性，平板抑菌率分别为 72.23（±3.36）%、54.14（±10.33）% 和 69.37（±2.17）%；系统发育分析结果显示，菌株 ZKY01 为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌 (Bacillus velezensis)，该菌能在 3%~10%NaCl 溶液中正常生长，生长温度范围为 10~50℃，能利用 50 种碳源；能在MSgg、BGM1 和 BGDM 液体培养基上形成稳定的薄皮。田间防效测试结果显示，ZKY01 可湿性粉剂苗期淋施，对镰刀菌引起的花生果腐病防治效果达到 95.14%。【结论】贝莱斯芽胞杆菌 ZKY01 在镰刀菌引起的花生果腐病生物防治中具有较大的应用潜力。

英文摘要:

【Objective】Pod rot caused by Fusarium spp. is a major soil-borne peanut disease in Guangdong, which affects the yield and quality of peanut seriously. In order to provide a theoretical basis for green prevention and control of pod rot, a biocontrol bacterium was screened and its identification, physiological biochemistry characteristics and control efficiency in fields were evaluated.【Method】Strains with wide amitbacterial spectrum activity the pathogens of peanut pod rot were screened from biocontrol Bacillus strains preserved in laboratory by plate antagoinsm method, and identified by sequence amplification and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA, gyrA, and gyrB sequences. Then, their physiological and biochemical characteristics, carbon source utilization capacity of Biolog-GN plate, biofilm formation in MSgg, BGM1, and BGDM media were determined. Meanwhile, the control effects of these strains on peanut pod rot were conducted by field plot tests.【Result】 A Bacillus strain ZKY01 with wide antibacterial spectrum activity was selected, and its plate inhibition rates on Fusarium sp. G15, F. oxysporum R5 and F. solani R4.2 were 72.23 (±3.36)%, 54.14 (±10.33)% and 69.37 (±2.17)%, respectively. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the strain ZKY01 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. ZKY01 could grow normally in 3% to 10% NaCl solution, and temperature suitable for its growth ranged from 10 ℃ to 50 ℃. It could use 50 kinds of carbon sources and form robust pellicles on MSgg, BGM1 and BGDM liquid media. Field control test results showed that ZKY01 wettable powder drenching at seedling stage had a control effect of 95.14% against Fusarium-caused peanut pod rot.【Conclusion】Bacillus velezensis ZKY01 has great application potential in the biological control of peanut pod rot caused by Fusarium spp.

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