| 胡 越 1, 2，樊红柱 2，陈 勇3，张 潇 2，雷云康 3，李富程 1，冯文强 4.35 年来西南典型雪茄烟区土壤 pH 时空演变及其驱动因素[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(4):75-83 |
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35 年来西南典型雪茄烟区土壤 pH 时空演变及其驱动因素 |
| Spatial-temporal Variation and Driving Factors of Soil pH in Typical Cigar Area of Southwest China over the Past 35 Years |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.04.009 |
| 中文关键词: pH 时空分布 地统计学 随机森林 雪茄烟 什邡市 |
| 英文关键词: soil pH spatial-temporal distribution geostatisyics random forest cigar shifang City |
| 基金项目:中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技项目（SCYC202122） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1047 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】明确土壤 pH 时空演变特征及其驱动因素，为西南雪茄烟区土壤酸化改良提供依据。【方法】基于什邡市 1984 年四川省第二次土壤普查 26 个样点、2009 年四川省测土配方施肥调查 391 个样点和 2019 年四川省耕地质量调查 164 个样点的土壤 pH 数据，利用多元统计学和地统计学方法分析土壤 pH 时空动态变化特征，利用随机森林模型探讨影响土壤 pH 变化的主要驱动因素。【结果】1984、2009、2019 年什邡市植烟土壤 pH 均值分别为 6.40、6.24 和 5.97，1984—2009 年年均下降 0.01 个单位，2009—2019 年年均下降 0.02 个单位；1984—2019 年除湔氐镇、蓥华镇土壤 pH 均值呈上升趋势外，其他镇均呈下降趋势，禾丰镇降幅最大、达 30.62%，师古镇降幅最小、仅 0.30%。1984 年土壤 pH 整体以弱酸性和中性土壤为主，碱性土壤占植烟总面积的 2.59%，空间上的分布特点为洛水镇、禾丰镇和马井镇 3 个区域土壤 pH 较高；2009 年研究区内仅存在弱酸性和中性土壤，土壤 pH 在空间上呈现中部高、南北低的分布特征；2019 年弱酸性和中性土壤面积占比为 95.25%，酸性土壤占4.75%，主要分布在马井镇、马祖镇、禾丰镇、南泉镇以及师古镇，土壤 pH 在空间上呈现南部低于北部的特征。35 年来植烟土壤总体表现为酸化，约 53.51% 的土壤呈酸化（ΔpH<-0.3）趋势，主要分布于马井镇、禾丰镇和马祖镇，11.63% 的土壤呈碱化（ΔpH ＞ 0.3）趋势，以蓥华镇和湔氐镇较为突出；44.98% 的植烟土壤 pH 变化幅度在 -1.0~-0.3，34.86% 的植烟土壤 pH 变化幅度为 -0.3~0.3，ΔpH ≤ -1.0 的植烟土壤占 8.54%。随机森林结果显示，土壤酸化的主要影响因素为年均降雨量、土壤有机质含量。【结论】35 年来什邡市植烟土壤酸化加剧，在生产中应采取创制新型专用肥、施用土壤改良剂等措施予以调控。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The spatial-temporal variation characteristics of soil pH and its driving factors were clarified to provide a basis for the improvement of soil acidification in southwest cigar area.【Method】Based on soil pH data of 26 sample points of the second general soil survey in Sichuan Province in 1984, 391 sample points of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation survey in Sichuan Province in 2009, and 164 sample points of cultivated land quality survey in Sichuan Province in 2019, Multi-statistics and Geostatistics were used to analyze the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of soil pH, and Random Forest model was used to explore the main driving factors of soil pH change.【Result】The mean values of pH in Shifang City in 1984, 2009 and 2019 were 6.40, 6.24 and 5.97, respectively, and the average annual value decreased by 0.01 from 1984 to 2009 and by 0.02 from 2009 to 2019. From 1984 to 2019, except for Jiandi Town and Yinghua Town, where the average soil pH value showed an upward trend, the rest of the towns were on the decline, with the largest decrease of 30.62% in Hefeng Town and the smallest decrease of 0.30% in Shigu Town. The overall soil pH in 1984 was dominated by weakly acidic and neutral properties, with alkaline soils accounting for 2.59% of the total area planted with tobacco, and the spatial distribution was characterized by higher soil pH in three areas: Luoshui Town, Hefeng Town and Majing Town. In 2009, only weakly acidic and neutral soils existed in the study area, and soil pH was spatially high in the centre and low in the north and south. In 2019, the area of weakly acidic and neutral soils accounted for 95.25%, and the area of acidic soils (pH<5.5) accounted for 4.75%, which were mainly distributed in the towns of Majing, Mazu, Hefeng, Nanquan and Shigu. And soil pH in the south was spatially lower than that in the north. Soils planted with tobacco over the past 35 years have generally shown changes in acidification, with about 53.51% of the soil was acidified (ΔpH < -0.3), mainly distributed in the towns of Majing, Hefeng and Mazu, and about 11.63% of the soil was alkaline (ΔpH ＞ 0.3), mainly in the towns of Yinghua and Jiandi; The pH of 44.98% tobacco growing soils ranged from -1.0 to -0.3, 34.86% ranged from -0.3 to 0.3, and tobacco growing soils with ΔpH ≤ -1.0 accounted for 8.54%. The random forest results showed that mean annual precipitation and soil organic matter were the main factors causing soil acidification.【Conclusion】Over the past 35 years, the acidification of tobacco growing soils in Shifang City was aggravated. Some measures should be taken to adjust the situation in production, such as creating new special fertilizer and applying soil conditioner. |
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