普洱茶生茶生化成分及其动物体内抗氧化活性研究

赖幸菲1; 邓 权 2; 范神光 2; 孙伶俐 1; 陈若虹 1; 黎秋华 1; 张镇标 1; 孙世利 1

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赖幸菲1，邓权 2，范神光 2，孙伶俐 1，陈若虹 1，黎秋华 1，张镇标 1，孙世利 1.普洱茶生茶生化成分及其动物体内抗氧化活性研究[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(4):123-131

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Study on Biochemical Components of Pu-erh Raw Tea and Its Antioxidant Activity in Animal

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.04.015

中文关键词: 普洱茶生茶储存时间生化成分老龄小鼠抗氧化活性

英文关键词: Pu-erh tea raw tea storage time biochemical component aged mice antioxidant activity

基金项目:广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2021A1515010958）；广州市基础与应用基础研究项目（202201011455）；湛江市科技计划项目（2020A03014）；清远市科技计划项目（2019A039）；广东省农业科学院驻镇帮镇扶村农村科技特派员项目（KTP20210090）

作者	单位
赖幸菲1，邓权 2，范神光 2，孙伶俐 1，陈若虹 1，黎秋华 1，张镇标 1，孙世利 1	1. 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 / 广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室，广东广州 510640；2. 北京快雪堂茶业有限公司，北京 100020

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中文摘要:

【目的】测定比较不同储存时间普洱茶生茶生化成分含量和对老龄小鼠抗氧化活性的差异。【方法】测定比较不同储存时间（2014、2020 年）普洱茶生茶的水浸出物、茶多酚、儿茶素、氨基酸、咖啡碱、黄酮类和可溶性糖含量，以及对老龄小鼠体重、饮水量、进食量、肝脏指数、肾脏指数、脾脏指数，血清及肝脏中谷丙转氨酶（ Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase，ALT）、谷草转氨酶（Glutamic oxalacetic transaminase，AST）、超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性和还原型谷胱甘肽（Glutathione，GSH）、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）含量的影响。【结果】储存时间较长的普洱茶生茶的水浸出物（40.11%）、氨基酸（3.15%）、咖啡碱（4.18%）、GC（0.21%）、EGC（0.84%）、C（0.61%）、EC（2.46%）、EGCG（6.90%）、CG（0.10%）、非酯型儿茶素（4.11%）、酯型儿茶素（13.44%）和儿茶素总量（17.55%）均极显著下降，没食子酸（0.38%）含量极显著增加。储存时间较长的普洱茶生茶可极显著地降低老龄小鼠血清的 AST 活性（21.49 U/L），提高肝脏 GSH 的含量（77.28 μmol/gprot）及 SOD 活性，降低肝脏的 AST 活性和 MDA 含量，但未达到显著差异；储存时间较短的普洱茶生茶可极显著地降低老龄小鼠血清中的 AST 活性（29.50 U/L），提高肝脏的 SOD 活性和 GSH 含量，降低肝脏 ALT和 AST 活性以及肝脏和血清的 MDA 含量，但均未达到显著差异。【结论】随着储存时间的增加，普洱茶生茶水浸出物、氨基酸、咖啡碱、儿茶素的含量明显下降，没食子酸含量则明显增加；不同储存时间普洱茶生茶对老龄小鼠均具有抗氧化作用，储存时间较长的普洱茶生茶提高体内抗氧化酶类 SOD 和 GSH 活性能力较强。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The differences of biochemical components of Pu-erh raw tea stored at different times and its antioxidant activity in aged mice were determined and compared. 【Method】The contents of water extraction, tea polyphenols, catechins, amino acids, caffeine, flavonoids and soluble sugar of Pu-erh raw tea stored at different years (in 2014 and 2020) were determined. Moreover, the effects of Pu-erh raw tea stored at different times on body weight, water consumption, food intake, liver index, kidney index, spleen index, activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and contents of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and liver of aged mice were determined.【Result】The contents of water extraction (40.11%), amino acids (3.15%), caffeine (4.18%), GC (0.21%), EGC (0.84%), C (0.61%), EC (2.46%), EGCG (6.90%), CG (0.10%), non-ester catechins (4.11%), ester-catechins (13.44%) and total catechins (17.55%) decreased notably in Pu-erh raw tea with longer storage time, while the content of gallic acid (0.38%) increased significantly. Pu-erh raw tea with longer storage time significantly reduced the activity of AST in the serum (21.49 U/L) but improved the content of GSH (77.28 μmol/gprot) and the activity of SOD in the liver of aged mice; In addition, it reduced the activity of AST and the content of MDA in the liver of aged mice , but the levels were not significant. Pu-erh raw tea with shorter storage time significantly reduced the activity of AST in the serum (29.50 U/L) of aged mice, improved the activity of SOD and GSH content, reduced the activities of ALT and AST and the MDA contents of liver and serum, but the levels were not significant.【Conclusion】As the increase of storage time, the contents of water extraction, amino acids, caffeine and catechins decreased notably, while gallic acid increased significantly. Pu-erh raw tea stored at different times both have antioxidant effect on the aged mice. Besides, Pu-erh raw tea with longer storage time had better ability to enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH in vivo.

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