| 徐淑玉1，2，区又君 1，3，温久福 1，林 欣 1，4，李加儿 1.急性淡水胁迫对四指马鲅幼鱼鳃、心脏、脾脏和肝脏组织结构的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(5):121-131 |
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急性淡水胁迫对四指马鲅幼鱼鳃、心脏、脾脏和肝脏组织结构的影响 |
| Effects of Acute Freshwater Stress on Tissue Structure of Gill, Heart, Spleen and Liver of Juvenile Eleutheronema tetradactylum |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.05.014 |
| 中文关键词: 四指马鲅 淡水胁迫 鳃 心脏 脾脏 肝脏 组织结构 |
| 英文关键词: Eleutheronema tetradactylum freshwater stress gill heart spleen liver tissue structure |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项（2018YFD0900200）；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助项目（2020TD55）；岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心自主科研项目（2022ZD009）； 广东省省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目（2022-440000-4301030302-9582） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探究急性淡水胁迫对四指马鲅（Eleutheronema tetradactylum）幼鱼鳃、心脏、脾脏和肝脏组织结构的影响，为低盐度养殖及良种选育提供参考。【方法】将暂养于盐度 9 水体中的四指马鲅幼鱼放入盐度 0 的水族箱中，分别于淡水胁迫 2、6、12、24、48、72 h 时进行活体取样，采用组织学方法对四指马鲅幼鱼的鳃、心脏、脾脏和肝脏组织结构进行研究。【结果】四指马鲅幼鱼在受到急性淡水胁迫时，鳃小片长度出现逐渐增长的趋势，宽度先缩小后逐渐增大，鳃小片间距先增大后有回落，线粒体丰富细胞数量持续增多。心肌横纹肌大小、心肌细胞间隙大小和间质血管大小均呈现先增后减的趋势，心肌横纹肌大小的峰值出现在淡水胁迫 12 h 时，心肌细胞间隙和间质血管大小的峰值出现在淡水胁迫 24 h 时。脾脏的白髓面积和边缘区面积在胁迫 24 h 内逐渐增加，黑色素巨噬细胞颜色逐渐加深，胁迫 24 h 时达到峰值，随后逐渐回落；淡水胁迫 72 h 时，红髓、边缘区、白髓和黑色素巨噬细胞大致恢复至胁迫前水平。未受淡水胁迫的四指马鲅幼鱼肝细胞体积较大，呈多面体，细胞核呈圆球形且位于中央，部分肝细胞具有 2~3 个核，肝板结构清晰，肝血窦形态正常分布于肝细胞之间；而胁迫 24 h 内，肝板结构逐渐模糊，肝血窦间隙逐渐增宽，胁迫 24 h 时达到峰值；胁迫 24~72 h，肝板结构逐渐恢复清晰，肝血窦间隙逐渐减小，一些细胞核失去固有形态。【结论】淡水胁迫下四指马鲅幼鱼组织（鳃、心脏、脾脏）在 24 h 内出现应激反应，24 h 后适应了低盐环境，但仍有部分肝细胞受到急性淡水胁迫后难以恢复。四指马鲅幼鱼对急性淡水胁迫具有一定的适应能力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】To investigate the effects of acute freshwater stress on the tissue structure of gill, heart, spleen and liver of juvenile Eleutheronema tetradactylum, in order to provide reference for exploring low salinity culture and breeding of improved varieties.【Method】Juvenile E. tetradactylum, temporarily reared at salinity 9, were placed directly into an aquarium with a salinity of 0. Live samples were taken at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Histological methods were used to study the gill, heart, spleen and liver structures of juvenile E. tetradactylum under different durations of acute fresh-water stress. 【Result】In juvenile E. tetradactylum, the length of the gill lamellae tended to increase gradually, the width of the gill lamellae decreased and then increased, the spacing of the gill lamellae increased and then decreased, and the number of mitochondria-rich cells continued to increase when exposed to acute freshwater stress. The size of the myocardial transverse muscle, the size of the cardiomyocyte gap and the size of the interstitial blood vessels all showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The peak of myocardial transverse muscle size was at 12 h of stress, and the peak of myocardial interstitial and interstitial blood vessel size was at 24 h of stress. The white marrow area and marginal zone area gradually increased from 0 to 24 h of stress, and the colour of melanin macrophages also gradually deepened, reaching a peak at 24 h of stress and then gradually decreasing. 72 h later, the red pulp, marginal zone, white pulp and melano-macrophages were roughly restored to the level of the control group. In the control group, the hepatocytes were large, polyhedral, with rounded nuclei and centrally located, and some hepatocytes had 2-3 nuclei; the hepatic plate was clearly defined; the hepatic blood sinusoids were normally distributed among the hepatocytes. During 24 h of stress, the hepatic plate structure was gradually blurred and the gap between the hepatic sinusoids was gradually widened, reaching a peak at 24 h of stress; during 24-72 h of stress, the hepatic plate structure gradually regained clarity, the gap between the hepatic blood sinusoids was gradually reduced and some nuclei lost their intrinsic morphology.【Conclusion】 Under freshwater stress, the tissues (gills, heart, spleen) of juvenile E. tetradactylum exhibit stress responses within 24 h, and adapt to a low salt environment after 24 h. However, some liver cells are still difficult to recover from acute freshwater stress. This indicates that juvenile E. tetradactylum have some ability to adapt to low salt stress. |
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