化肥减量配施增效剂对土壤理化性质及菜心产量、品质的影响

胡绮琪 1; 余炜敏 1; 梁嘉伟 1; 王荣萍 1; 杨祁云 2; 林壁润 2; 葛百一 3; 白豫博 3

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胡绮琪 1 ，余炜敏 1 ，梁嘉伟 1 ，王荣萍 1 ，杨祁云 2 ，林壁润 2 ，葛百一 3 ，白豫博 3.化肥减量配施增效剂对土壤理化性质及菜心产量、品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(6):53-61

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Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Synergist on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Yield and Quality of Chinese Flowering Cabbage

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.06.007

中文关键词: 化肥减施增效剂、菜心土壤肥力养分吸收产量品质

英文关键词: fertilizer reduction synergist Chinese flowering cabbage soil fertility nutrient uptake yield quality

基金项目:广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2020B0202010005）；广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目（2022KJ112，2023KJ112）；广东省博罗蔬菜产业园科技支撑项目（2022—2023）

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胡绮琪 1 ，余炜敏 1 ，梁嘉伟 1 ，王荣萍 1 ，杨祁云 2 ，林壁润 2 ，葛百一 3 ，白豫博 3

1. 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所 / 华南土壤污染控制与修复国家地方联合工程研究中心 / 广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室，广东广州 510650；2. 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 / 农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室 / 广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室，广东广州 510640； 3. 广东供销绿色农产品生产供应基地运营有限公司，广东惠州 516166

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中文摘要:

【目的】探讨化肥减量配施增效剂对广东省惠州地区蔬菜地土壤理化性质及菜心产量、品质的影响，为蔬菜地化肥减量提供理论依据和技术支持。【方法】以华南地区代表性的蔬菜作物菜心为研究对象，采用田间小区试验，设置当地施肥（T1，CK）、当地施肥 + 增效剂（T2）、减肥 20%（T3）、减肥 20%+ 增效剂（T4）4 个处理，比较不同处理下土壤的理化性质、微生物量、酸性磷酸酶活性以及菜心产量、品质等指标。【结果】与 T1（CK）相比，T3 处理菜地土壤毛管持水量、田间持水量、非毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度分别提高 13.3%、 43.1%、29.4% 和 9.2%，T4 处理菜地土壤非毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度分别提高 42.1% 和 13.0%；与 T1（CK）相比， T3 处理菜地土壤 pH 值提高 15.9%，其他土壤肥力指标均无显著变化，T4 处理菜地土壤 pH 值提高 13.4%、碱解氮和速效钾含量分别显著提高 33.3% 和 15.8%；与 T1（CK）相比，T3 处理菜地土壤微生物量碳、氮和酸性磷酸酶活性分别提高 35.6%、43.1% 和 15.5%，T4 处理土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷和酸性磷酸酶活性分别提高 78.1%、 111.2%、49.1% 和 24.3%；与 T1（CK）相比，T3 处理菜心氮、磷、钾养分吸收量分别提高 22.1%、11.3%、 17.9%，T4 处理菜心氮、磷、钾养分吸收量分别显著提高 33.0%、28.5% 和 30.0%；与 T1（CK）相比，T3 处理菜心产量提高 19.4%、硝酸盐含量下降 13.6%、Vc 含量提高 2.2%，T4 处理菜心产量显著增加 28.1%、硝酸盐含量下降 12.1%、Vc 含量提高 4.2%。【结论】化肥减量配施增效剂可以提升土壤肥力、提高土壤的微生物量和酸性磷酸酶活性、提高菜心的产量和改善品质。

英文摘要:

【Objective】This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with synergist on soil physicochemical properties, yield and quality of Chinese flowering cabbage in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, so as to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for chemical fertilizer reduction in vegetable fields. 【Method】Taking the representative vegetable crop Chinese flowering cabbage in South China as the research object, four treatments of local fertilization level (T1, CK), local fertilization level+ synergist application (T2), 20% fertilizer reduction (T3) and 20% fertilizer reduction + synergist application (T4) were set up by field plot experiment. Soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, acid phosphatase activity, and crop yield and quality were measured and compared between treatments.【Result】The results showed that compared to T1 (CK), the soil capillary capacity, field capacity, non-capillary porosity, and total porosity in T3 treatment were increased by 13.3%, 43.1%, 29.4%, and 9.2%, respectively, and the soil non-capillary porosity and total porosity of T4 treatment were increased by 42.1% and 13.0%, respectively. Compared to T1 (CK), the soil pH value in T3 treatment was increased by 15.9%, whereas the other soil fertility indexes were not changed significantly. Under T4 treatment, soil pH value was increased by 13.4%, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium contents were significantly increased by 33.3% and 15.8% , respectively. Compared to T1 (CK), the soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) and N (SMBN) contents and acid phosphatase activity in T3 treatment were increased by 35.6%, 43.1%, and 15.5%, respectively, whereas the SMBC, SMBN, and soil microbial biomass P (SMBP) contents and acid phosphatase activity in T4 treatment were increased by 78.1%, 111.2%, 49.1%, and 24.3%, respectively. Compared to T1 (CK), the N, P, and K absorption amounts of cabbage in T3 treatment were increased by 22.1%, 11.3%, and 17.9%, respectively, whereas those in T4 treatment were significantly increased by 33.0%, 28.5%, and 30.0%, respectively. Compared to T1 (CK), cabbage yield was increased by 19.4%, nitrate content was decreased by 13.6%, and Vc content was increased by 2.2% in T3 treatment. Cabbage yield was significantly increased by 28.1% , nitrate content was decreased by 12.1%, and Vc content was increased by 4.2% in T4 treatment.【Conclusion】Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with synergist application can increase soil fertility, microbial biomass and acid phosphatase activity, improve cabbage yield and quality.

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