| 刘家玮1
，郑长英 1
, 迟秀丽 2
，姜亚军 3
，孙丽娟 1.微生物菌肥与化肥配施对韭菜生产及韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生量的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(6):92-100 |
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微生物菌肥与化肥配施对韭菜生产及韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生量的影响 |
| Effects of Combined Application of Microbial Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer on Production of Chinese Chive and Occurrence Amount of Bradysia odoriphaga |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.06.011 |
| 中文关键词: 微生物菌肥 化肥 配比 韭菜 产量 品质 韭菜迟眼蕈蚊 |
| 英文关键词: microbial fertilizer chemical fertilizer ratio Chinese chive yield quality Bradysia odoriphaga |
| 基金项目:青岛市科技惠民项目（21-1-4-ny-28-nsh）；山东省农业产业技术体系项目 (SDAIT-5-13) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】明确微生物菌肥在韭菜生产中的应用价值，基于韭菜优质安全生产和韭菜迟眼蕈蚊（Bradysia
odoriphaga）防治筛选微生物菌肥与化肥配施的最佳方案。【方法】以雪韭 791 为试验对象，以 100% 推荐用量
化肥处理为对照（T1），设置 8 个处理，分别为 100% 推荐用量的化肥配合 30%、50%、70%、100% 推荐用量
的微生物菌肥（T2~T5）、100% 推荐用量的微生物菌肥配合 70%、50%、30% 和 0% 推荐用量的化肥（T6~T9），
通过室内单因素试验评估不同施肥方案对韭菜生长性状的影响，并通过田间试验验证较优施肥方案对韭菜产量、
品质及韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生的影响。【结果】室内试验结果表明，微生物菌肥可有效提升韭菜生长性状，韭菜株
高、茎粗、最大叶宽、单株质量和须根数量显著增加；其中，T5、T6 和 T7 处理韭菜生长性状最佳，株高表现
尤其突出，分别为 27.87、27.59 和 28.84 cm，与其他处理差异显著；单株质量较大，分别为 0.99、0.93 和 0.94 g，
与除 T4 和 T9 以外的其他处理差异显著；T5、T6 和 T7 三组处理间生长性状无显著差异。基于以上结果和经济
效益角度，选择 T6 和 T7 为较优施肥方案进行田间试验。T6 方案的田间处理（FT6）结果显示，韭菜单株质量、
茎粗、假茎长度、株高、最大叶宽和须根数分别较 FT1（CK2）提升 29.41%、1.70%、12.19%、7.58%、17.23%
和 40.60%；T7 方案的田间处理（FT7）结果显示，韭菜单株质量、茎粗、假茎长度、最大叶宽和须根数量分别
较 FT1（CK2）提升 23.22%、4.21%、11.94%、9.47% 和 16.99%，提升幅度低于 FT6；FT6 和 FT7 处理韭菜产量
分别较 FT1（CK2）提高 48.39% 和 12.99%，且可溶性糖含量分别比 FT1（CK2）提高 32.72% 和 10.45%，可溶
性蛋白质含量分别提高 6.76% 和 6.60%，韭菜品质显著提高。FT6 和 FT7 处理均可抑制韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生，抑
制率分别为 50.15% 和 22.16%。综上，FT6 处理优于 FT7。【结论】微生物菌肥与化肥配合施用相较于单独施用
化肥可有效提高韭菜产量、品质，并抑制韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生，最佳推荐配比为 70% 推荐用量的化肥配合 100%
推荐用量的微生物菌肥。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study aimed to clarify the value of microbial fertilizer in the production of Chinese chive,
and screen the best scheme for combined application of microbial fertilizer with chemical fertilizer in the high quality and
safe production of Chinese chive and control of Bradysia odoriphaga. 【Method】Xuejiu 791 was taken as the research
object, 8 treatments of microbial fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer were set up, namely, the recommended amount of
chemical fertilizer combined with 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% of the recommended amount of microbial fertilizer (T2~T5), and the
recommended amount of microbial fertilizer combined with 70%, 50%, 30%, and 0% of the recommended amount of chemical
fertilizer (T6~T9). The effects of different fertilization schemes on the yield and growth traits of Chinese chives was estimated by
indoor single factor experiment to screen the better fertilization schemes; and the effects of above better fertilization schemes on
the yield and quality of Chinese chives and the occurrence of B. odoriphaga were verified by field experiments.【Result】The
indoor experiment showed that the growth traits of Chinese chives were significantly improved by microbial fertilizer, with plant
height, stem diameter, maximum leaf width, plant weight per plant and number of fibrous root significantly increased. Among all
the fertilization schemes, the best growth traits of Chinese chives were found in T5, T6, and T7 treatment, especially for plant
height, which was 27.87, 27.59 and 28.84 cm, respectively, and significantly differed from that in other treatments. The weight
per plant was 0.99, 0.93 and 0.94 g, respectively, which was significantly different from that in other treatments except T4 and
T9. The growth traits of Chinese chives did not differ among T5, T6 and T7. Based on the above results and the economic point
of view, T6 and T7 were judged to be the optimal fertilizer scheme. The result of field experiment showed that the application
of T6 scheme of indoor experiment (FT6 treatment) significantly increased the plant weight, stem diameter, pseudostem length,
plant height, maximum leaf width and number of fibrous root of Chinese chives in greenhouse by 29.41%, 1.70%, 12.19%,
7.58%, 17.23% and 40.60%, respectively, compared to the control (FT1). The application of T7 scheme of indoor experiment
in field (FT7 treatment) significantly increased the weight per plant, stem diameter, pseudostem length, maximum leaf width
and number of fibrous root of Chinese chives by 23.22%, 4.21%, 11.94%, 9.47% and 16.99%, respectively, compared to the
control (FT1), but the increase amplitude of each growth character was less than that in FT6. The yield of Chinese chives in FT6
and FT7 treatment was significantly increased by 48.39% and 12.99%, respectively compared to FT1. The quality of Chinese
chives in FT6 and FT7 treatment was significantly improved, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content were increased
by 32.72%,10.45% and 6.76%, 6.60%, respectively, compared to FT1. The growth traits of Chinese chives in FT6 were better
than those in FT7. FT6 and FT7 treatment inhibited the occurrence of B. odoriphaga, and the inhibition rates were 50.15% and
22.16%, respectively, compared to the control. 【Conclusion】Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer, the
combined application of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer effectively improve the yield and quality of Chinese chive,
and inhibit the occurrence of B. odoriphaga. The best recommended scheme was 70% of the recommended amount of fertilizer
combined with 100% of the recommended amount of microbial fertilizer. |
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