| 何佳楠 1，2，何叔年 3，4，康桦华 2
，符德佳 1，2，樊志红 3，4，曾宪军 3，4，陈 杰 3，4，彭新宇 2.复方植物精油对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和肠道菌群的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(6):116-125 |
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复方植物精油对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和肠道菌群的影响 |
| Effect of Compound Plant Essential Oil on Performance and Intestinal Microflora of Yellow-Feathered Broilers |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.06.014 |
| 中文关键词: 黄鸡肉鸡 复方植物精油 料肉比 肠道菌群多样性 高通量测序 |
| 英文关键词: yellow-feathered broiler compound plant essential oil feed-gain ratio diversity of intestinal microbiota high-throughput sequencing |
| 基金项目:广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项（高水平农科院建设）（R2020PY-JC001）；广东省农业科学院驻镇帮扶村农村科技特派员项目（KTP20210010）；广东省企业科技特派员项目（GDKTP2020026600）；广东省现代农业产业园项目（GDSCYY2021-021） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探究肉豆蔻和罗勒复方精油对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和肠道菌群的影响，为该复方精油作为
饲料添加剂在肉鸡生产中应用提供参考。【方法】试验选用 1 日龄雌性江村黄鸡 3 942 只，随机分为 3 个处理组（复
方精油低剂量组、复方精油高剂量组和空白对照组）。试验期为 60 d，在肉鸡 60 日龄时称重，统计存活个体数、
死淘数以及饲料消耗等生产数据，计算肉鸡的合格品出栏率、增重和料肉比；各组随机抽取 5 只鸡，断颈处死，
分别取空肠和盲肠内容物，提取细菌核酸，进行 16S rDNA V3
~V4 可变区高通量测序，分析肉鸡空肠和盲肠的肠
道菌群。【结果】肉豆蔻和罗勒复方精油高剂量组和低剂量组的料肉比均为 2.40，极显著低于空白对照组的 2.71
（P<0.01），饲料转化率均提高 11.4%。空肠菌群分析结果表明，门水平上的优势菌为厚壁菌门，其次是放线菌
门；属水平上的优势菌为乳酸菌属；复方精油高剂量组与低剂量组空肠的疣微菌门相对丰度均显著低于空白对
照组（P<0.05），复方精油低剂量组空肠假单胞菌属、双歧杆菌属、韦荣氏球菌属的相对丰度均显著高于空白
对照组（P<0.05）。盲肠菌群分析结果表明，门水平上的优势菌为厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门；复方精油高、低剂量
组的 Clostridia_vadinBB60_group 属和另枝菌属相对丰度均显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05），复方精油高剂量组
Clostridia_UCG-014 属的相对丰度显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05）。复方精油高剂量组拟杆菌属相对丰度显著高
于空白对照组和复方精油低剂量组（P<0.05），复方精油低剂量组瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus_torques_group）
相对丰度显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）。【结论】饲喂肉豆蔻和罗勒复方精油能够促进黄羽肉鸡空肠和盲肠
的有益菌生长，抑制有害菌增殖，维持菌群平衡，利于肠道健康，明显提高黄羽肉鸡的生产性能。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The trial explores the effect of compound plant essential oil from the nutmeg and basill on the
performance and intestinal microflora of yellow-feathered broilers.【Method】3 942 1-day-old Jiangcun yellow broilers were
divided into three treatments groups (low-dose compound essential oil group, high-dose compound essential oil group and blank
control group). The experiment lasted for 60 days. At the age of 60 days, all broilers were weighed, and the number of survival
chickens, the number of dead and unqualified chickens, feed consumption of each replicates were recorded, and the percentage
of survival chickens, weight gain and feed-gain ratio were calculated. At the same time, 5 chickens were randomly selected
from each group and killed with neck cut. The contents of jejunum and cecum were respectively extracted, and bacterial nucleic
acid was extracted, the 16S rDNA V3-V4 variable region was high-throughput sequencing to analyze the intestinal microflora
of jejunum and cecum of broilers.【Result】The feed-gain ratio of the high dose group and the low dose group was 2.40,
which was significantly lower than that of the blank control group (2.71, P<0.01), and the feed conversion rate was increased by
11.4%. The results of jejunum microflora analysis showed that Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria at phylum level followed
by Actinobacteriota, and Lactobacillus was the dominant bacteria at genus level. The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota
in jejunum in high-dose and low-dose groups was significantly lower than that in blank control group (P<0.05). The relative
abundance of Aeriscardovia, Bifidobacterium and Weissella in jejunum of compound essential oil low-dose group was
significantly higher than that of blank control group (P<0.05). The results of cecal microflora analysis showed that Firmicutes
and Bacteroidetes were dominant bacteria at phylum level. The relative abundance of Clostridia-vadinBB60-group and Alistipes
in high-dose and low-dose compound essential oil groups was significantly lower than that in blank control group (P<0.05),
and that of Clostridia-UCG-014 in high-dose compound essential oil group was significantly lower than that in blank control
group (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Bacteroides in high dose compound essential oil group was significantly higher than
that in blank control group and low dose compound essential oil group (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Ruminococcustorques-group in low dose compound essential oil group was significantly higher than that in blank control group (P<0.05).
【Conclusion】Feeding nutmeg and basil compound essential oil can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in jejunum and
cecum of yellow-feathered broilers, inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, maintain the balance of bacteria, and promote
intestinal health, and obviously improve the performance of yellow-feathered broilers. |
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