氮减量配施微生物菌剂对烤烟产量和土壤微生物多样性的影响

武春屹 1; 罗莎莎 2; 杨 婷 2; 卢颖林 2; 和锐敏 2; 钮 越 2; 张小莉 2; 安玉兴 2

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武春屹 1，罗莎莎 2，杨婷 2，卢颖林 2，和锐敏 2，钮越 2，张小莉 2，安玉兴 2.氮减量配施微生物菌剂对烤烟产量和土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(8):52-65

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Effects of Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Microbial Agent Application on Flue-cured Tobacco Yield and Soil Microbial Diversity

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.08.006

中文关键词: 烤烟减氮微生物菌剂根际土壤微生物微生物多样性

英文关键词: flue-cured tobacco reducing nitrogen fertilizer microbial agents rhizosphere soil microorganisms microbial diversity

基金项目:广东中烟工业有限责任公司科研项目

作者	单位
武春屹 1，罗莎莎 2，杨婷 2，卢颖林 2，和锐敏 2，钮越 2，张小莉 2，安玉兴 2	1. 华南农业大学植物保护学院，广东广州 510642；2. 广东省科学院南繁种业研究所，广东广州 510316

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中文摘要:

【目的】研究减氮条件下配施微生物菌剂对烤烟产量和土壤微生物多样性的影响，达到提高烟叶品质、改善土壤环境的目的。【方法】以云烟 87 为试验材料，采用随机区组试验，设置 T1 当地常规施肥（CK）、T2 常规施肥＋微生物菌剂、T3 常规施肥减氮 10%+ 微生物菌剂、T4 常规施肥减氮 20%+ 微生物菌剂 4 个处理，测定各处理不同时期烤烟农艺性状、烤后烟叶经济性状和成熟期根际土壤微生物群落多样性。【结果】（1）不同施肥处理和时期烤烟农艺性状均无显著差异，表明氮减量配施微生物菌剂下烤烟生长稳定。不同处理烤烟经济性状表现为 T2、T3 处理的产值与 T1 处理无显著差异；T4 处理的产值为 1 351.56 元 /667m2，显著低于 T2处理。与 T1 处理相比，其他各处理土壤理化性质各指标均没有显著差异。（2）微生物菌剂各处理增加了细菌和真菌总 OTUs 数量以及独有的 OTUs 数量，与 T1 处理相比，T2 处理细菌独有的 OTUs 数量增加 68.4%，T2、T3 处理真菌独有的 OTUs 数量分别增加 85.2% 和 78.2%，T2、T3 处理的真菌总 OTUs 数量分别增加 60.2%、54.9%；T2、T3 处理真菌的丰富度均显著高于 T1、T4 处理。（3）细菌门水平下 T4 处理变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度较其他处理显著提高，真菌门水平在不同处理下无显著差异。（4）T1 处理的有害微生物镰刀菌种（s_Fusarium_equiseti）的相对丰度高于其他处理，T4 处理 α- 变形菌纲（c_Alphaproteobacteria）、鞘氨醇单胞菌目（o_Sphingomonadales）、芽单胞菌属（g_Gemmatimonas）、拟杆菌纲（c_Bacteroidota）等有益微生物数量显著提高。【结论】相比常规施氮，减氮 10% 配施微生物菌剂在稳产的同时烤烟产值提高 12.5 %，并改善了土壤微生物群落组成。

英文摘要:

【Objective】 The study aims to explore the effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer combined with microbial agent application on flue-cured tobacco yield and soil microbial diversity. 【Method】Using Yunyan 87 as the experimental material, four treatments were set up: T1 local conventional fertilization（CK）, T2 conventional fertilization + microbial agent, T3 conventional fertilization + 10% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer+ microbial agent, and T4 conventional fertilization + 20% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer + microbial agent. The agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco at different stages, the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco leaves, and the diversity of rhizosphere soil microbial communities at maturity were measured for each treatment.【Result】There was no significant difference in the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco among different treatments and periods. This indicates that nitrogen reduction treatment did not affect the growth of flue-cured tobacco. The economic traits of flue-cured tobacco among different treatments showed no significant difference in the output value of T2 and T3 treatments compared to T1 treatment. The output value of T4 treatment was 1 351.56 yuan/667 m2, which was a significant difference compared to T2 treatment. Compared with T1 treatment, there was no significant difference in soil physicochemical properties or indicators among different treatments. (2) Each treatment with microbial agents increased the total and unique OTUs of bacteria and fungi. Compared to T1 treatment, the T2 treatment increased the unique OTUs of bacteria by 68.4%, the total OTUs of fungi treated with T2 and T3 increased by 60.2% and 54.9%, respectively, T2 and T3 increased the unique OTUs of fungi by 85.2% and 78.2%, respectively, as well as the fungal richness (Chao index) of T2 and T3 treatments. (3) At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in T4 treatment was significantly higher than that in other treatments, and there was no significant difference in the level of fungi under different treatments. (4) The relative abundance of s_Fusarium_equiseti in T1 treatment was higher than that in other treatments. T4 treatment increased the number of beneficial microorganisms, such as c_Alphaproteobacteria, o_Sphingosine, g_Gemmatimonas, and c_Bacteroidota, significantly.【Conclusion】The combination of microbial agents and a moderate reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application (10%) increased the output value of flue-cured tobacco by 12.5% compared to conventional fertilization, while also improving the composition of soil microbial communities.

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