| 李宏月1,2，欧小云 1，刘 斌 1.野生香菇菌株鉴定及其与栽培菌株的生物学特性比较[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(9):59-67 |
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野生香菇菌株鉴定及其与栽培菌株的生物学特性比较 |
| Identification of Two Wild Lentinula edodes Strains and Their Biological Characteristics Comparing with the Cultivated Strains |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.09.006 |
| 中文关键词: 野生香菇 形态学和分子生物学 生物学特性 温度 氮源 碳源 C/N |
| 英文关键词: wild shiitake mushrooms morphology and molecular biology biological characteristics temperature nitrogen source carbon source C/N |
| 基金项目:广西重点研发计划项目（桂科 AB18221047）；广西农业科技创新联盟科技先锋队专项（桂农科盟202308-2） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】对野生香菇进行鉴定，并比较其与栽培菌株的生物学特性，为野生香菇种质资源的应用提供理论基础。【方法】采用形态特征和分子序列分析方法对野生食用菌进行鉴定，并分析温度、碳源、氮源等因素对菌丝生长的影响，并比较其与 6 株栽培香菇的生物学特性。【结果】2 株野生食用菌（林香 18 和林香19）鉴定为香菇，所有供试菌株均能在 15~30 ℃条件下生长，其中，林香 18 在 15~30 ℃范围内菌丝生长速度为2.5~4.7 mm/d，菌丝生长力极强；林香 19 在 15~20 ℃时菌丝生长缓慢，生长速度为 0.5~1.6 mm/d，在 25~30 ℃时生长速度显著加快，为 2.58~3.08 mm/d，说明林香 19 不耐低温。2 株野生菌株在 30 ℃时菌丝生长速度最快，分别为 4.7、3.08 mm/d，且明显高于栽培菌株，属于耐高温菌株；其余 6 株栽培菌株在 25 ℃时生长速度最快，为3.18~4.91 mm/d，均属于中温菌株。供试菌株 L12、L26、林香 19、申香 34、申香 60 和浦香 08 以可溶性淀粉为最适碳源，林香 18 和 L808 的最适碳源为蔗糖，以乳糖为碳源时菌丝生长最差；供试菌株以尿素为氮源时均不能生长，以牛肉膏为氮源时菌丝生长最好，以硝酸钾为氮源时菌丝生长最差；林香 18、林香 19、申香 60 和 L26最佳 C/N 为 10/1，申香 34、L12 最佳 C/N 为 30/1，浦香 08 和 L808 最佳 C/N 分别为 40/1 和 50/1，由此可知，申香 34、林香 18 和林香 19 菌丝生长不受 C/N 的影响，其余菌株均受 C/N 的影响。【结论】野生香菇菌株林香 18和林香 19 均为耐高温菌株，但林香 19 对低温较敏感。林香 18 和林香 19 的最适碳源分别为蔗糖和可溶性淀粉，最适氮源分别为牛肉膏和蛋白胨，最适 C/N 均为 10/1。研究明确了野生香菇林香 18 和林香 19 菌丝生长的营养需求和条件，研究结果可为耐高温香菇新品种的选育提供新材料。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】To identify wild shiitake and compare their biological characteristics with cultivated strains,which provides a theoretical basis for the application of wild germplasm resources. 【Method】 Wild edible fungi were identified by the morphological characteristics and sequences analysis, their biological characteristics were investigated and compared with the other six cultivated strains. 【Result】Two wild strains of edible fungi were identified as Lentinula edodes. All test strains can grow at 15-30 ℃ . The mycelium growth rate of LX18 was 2.5-4.7 mm/d at 15-30 ℃ , the mycelium growth rate of LX 19 was 0.5~1.6 mm/d at 15-20 ℃ and 2.58~3.08 mm/d at 25~30 ℃ , which indicated that the mycelium growth of LX 18 was very strong, and LX 18 was intolerant in low temperatures. Two wild strains (LX18 and LX 19) showed the highest mycelial growth rates at 30 ℃ , which were 4.7 and 3.08 mm/d, respectively. But the six cultivated strains showed the highest mycelial growth rate at 25 ℃ , from 3.18 to 4.91 mm/d. Therefore, it was concluded that the wild strains were high-temperature tolerant, while those cultivated strains were moderate temperature varieties. The optimal C/N of LX18, LX19, SX60 and L26 was 10/1, the optimal C/N of SX34 and L12 was 30/1, and the optimal C/N of PX08 and L808 was 40/1 and 50/1, respectively. The mycelium growth of SX34, LX18 and LX19 were not affected by C/N, and that of the other strains was influenced by C/N. 【Conclusion】LX18 and LX19 are heat-resistant strains, but LX19 is more sensitive to low temperatures. The optimal carbon sources for LX18 and LX19 are sucrose and soluble starch, respectively. Their optimal nitrogen sources are beef extract and peptone, and the optimal C/N is 10/1. In the study, the nutritional requirements and conditions for the growth of wild strains LX18 and LX19 of L. edodes are clarified, and the results provide new materials for breeding new heat-tolerant varieties of L. edodes. |
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