| 高成萌1,2，高王宇 2，朱 军 2,3,4，邹潇潇 2,3,4，孙冬梅 1，鲍时翔 2,3,4.马尾藻有机肥发酵工艺优化及其对辣椒抗寒性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(11):89-97 |
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马尾藻有机肥发酵工艺优化及其对辣椒抗寒性的影响 |
| Optimization of Solid-state Fermentation Process for Sargassum Organic Fertilizer and Its Effect on Cold Resistance of Peppers |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.11.009 |
| 中文关键词: 马尾藻；海藻肥；辣椒 固态发酵；发酵工艺优化；抗寒性；肥料品质 |
| 英文关键词: Sargassum seaweed fertilizer pepper solid-state fermentation fermentation process optimization cold resistance fertilizer quality |
| 基金项目:海南省科技专项 （ZDYF2021SHFZ106）；农业农村部财政专项项目（NFZX2021）；中央级公益性科研院所基金（1630052019010）；海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目（321RC637） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】研究马尾藻有机肥的发酵条件并评价其品质及其对辣椒抗寒性的功效，为海藻肥的制备工艺优化及农业应用提供一定理论依据。【方法】采用固态发酵工艺，以马尾藻、鸡粪、椰糠和桐子饼为发酵原料，以发酵温度为指标明确马尾藻有机肥制备过程中的碳氮比、初始含水量和发酵菌剂添加量，并进行有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、pH、水分、重金属、粪大肠杆菌等检测。利用种子萌发试验检测其对植物的无毒性；采用盆栽试验，设置空白（CK）、市售有机肥、马尾藻有机肥处理，比较叶片的冷害指数、丙二醛、可溶性糖和脯氨酸质量分数，探究马尾藻有机肥对辣椒抗寒性的影响。【结果】马尾藻有机肥固态发酵的最适条件为碳氮比 25∶1、初始含水量 50%、发酵菌剂添加量 2%，此条件下发酵堆体最高温度达 69 ℃，55 ℃以上保持天数 6~7 d，制备的马尾藻有机肥有机质含量 72.46%、总养分 5.42%、水分 28.96%、pH 7.5、种子发芽率 89%，重金属含量极低且粪大肠菌群等指标均符合国家标准。与空白和市售有机肥处理相比，马尾藻有机肥处理的辣椒幼苗冷害指数分别降低20.70%、13.49%；丙二醛质量分数分别降低 23.41%、14.18%；可溶性糖质量分数分别提高 27.96%、21.94%；脯氨酸质量分数提髙 15.49%、9.01%；表明马尾藻有机肥可有效增强辣椒的抗寒性。【结论】马尾藻有机肥最适工艺条件为发酵碳氮比 25∶1、初始含水量 50%、发酵菌剂添加量 2%，且制备的有机肥品质达到相关国家标准，对植物无毒性，并能有效提高辣椒的抗寒性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study aims to explore the fermentation condition of Sargassum organic fertilizer and evaluate its quality and effect on cold resistance of pepper, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the preparation process optimization of seaweed fertilizer and its application in agriculture.【Method】With Sargassum, chicken manure, coconut bran and tung seed cake as fermentation raw materials, solid-state fermentation technology was used to determine the carbon to nitrogen ratio, initial water content and fermentation inoculant addition amount of Sargassum organic fertilizer in the process of preparation. And the organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, pH, moisture, heavy metals and fecal coliforms were detected. Seed germination tests were also conducted to determine its non-toxicity to plants. By taking a pot experiment, three treatments were set up: blank group (CK), commercial organic fertilizer group, and Sargassum organic fertilizer group, and preliminary exploration of the effect of Sargassum organic fertilizer on the cold resistance of peppers was conducted by comparing the chilling injury index, malondialdehyde content, soluble sugar content and proline mass fraction of leaves.【Result】The results showed that the optimal conditions for solid-state fermentation of Sargassum organic fertilizer were as follows: the carbon to nitrogen ratio was 25∶1, the initial water content was 50%, and fermentation inoculant addition amount was 2%. Under the condition, the maximum temperature of the fermentation stack reached 69 ℃ , and the temperature of above 55 ℃ was kept for 6-7 days. The testing indexes met the national standard with organic matter content (dry basis) of 72.46%, total nutrients (dry basis) of 5.42%, water content of 28.96%, pH of 7.5, seed germination rate of 89%, and extremely low heavy metals and fecal coliform, etc. Compared with blank and commercial organic fertilizer treatment, the chilling injury index of pepper seedlings treated with Sargassum organic fertilizer decreased by 20.70% and 13.49%, respectively; the mass fraction of malondialdehyde decreased by 23.41% and 14.18%, respectively; the soluble sugar content increased by 27.96% and 21.94%, respectively; the mass fraction of proline increased by 15.49% and 9.01%. The above-mentioned results indicated that Sargassum organic fertilizer could effectively enhance the cold resistance of peppers.【Conclusion】The optimal process conditions of Sargassum organic fertilizer were fermentation carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25 ∶ 1, initial water content of 50%, fermentation inoculant content of 2%, and fertilizer quality reached the relevant national standards. It was non-toxic to plants and could effectively improve the cold resistance of peppers. |
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