| 姜维伦 1，曾检华 2，宋德清 2，刘小红 1，陈瑶生 1，何祖勇1.两广小花猪 VRTN 基因突变鉴定及其对胴体与肉质性状影响分析[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(11):123-131 |
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两广小花猪 VRTN 基因突变鉴定及其对胴体与肉质性状影响分析 |
| Identification of VRTN Gene Mutation in Liang Guang Small Spotted Pigs and Analysis of Its Effects on Carcass and Meat Quality Traits |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.11.012 |
| 中文关键词: 两广小花猪 VRTN 基因 基因连锁 胴体性状 肉质性状 分子选育 |
| 英文关键词: Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs VRTN gene gene linkage carcass traits meat quality traits molecular breeding |
| 基金项目:广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目（2022-XPY-00-001） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】VRTN 基因 g.20311_20312ins291 和 g.19034A>C 突变是影响瘦肉型猪胸椎数的突变，该突变可增加胸椎数。探究两广小花猪 VRTN 基因突变频率及其对胴体性状与肉质性状的影响，为两广小花猪的分子选育提供参考。【方法】提取 69 头两广小花猪基因组 DNA 并进行 PCR 扩增，使用凝胶电泳与 TA 克隆分别检测其 VRTN 基因 g.20311_20312ins291 和 g.19034A>C 位点突变情况；测定该群体的胴体性状与肉质性状，根据位点突变情况将该群体分组后使用 t 检验进行分析。【结果】在该群体中发现 5 个个体为携带两个位点突变的杂合子，表明两种突变可能紧密连锁，两种突变频率均为 3.62%。统计分析结果显示，VRTN 连锁突变等位基因并不能显著影响两广小花猪的肋骨数，但能影响胴体性状与肉质性状。其中胴体性状方面，VRTN 基因杂合突变显著提升体直长 4.6%（P < 0.05）和体重 9.6%（P < 0.01），体斜长提高 3.5% 但差异不显著，背膘厚和皮厚分别增加 6.5% 和降低 3.7% 但差异不显著。肉质性状方面，突变杂合子的明度 L、色度指数 a 值和 b 值分别增加了 0.01%、14.7% 和 8.4%，失水率显著上升 51.2%（P < 0.05），剪切力和 pH 值变化差异均不显著。【结论】两广小花猪群体中检测到 VRTN 基因 g.20311_20312ins291 和 g.19034A>C 两种突变但频率较低，两种突变可能存在紧密连锁。VRTN 基因杂合突变不会提高两广小花猪胸椎数，可在一定程度上改善胴体性状，但也会对肉质性状带来不利影响，后续两广小花猪育种需要权衡 VRTN 基因突变对于胴体性状与肉质性状的影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The mutations in the VRTN gene g.20311_20312ins291 and g.19034A>C have been found to influence the number of thoracic vertebrae in lean meat pigs. These mutations can increase the number of thoracic vertebrae. This study aims to investigate the frequency of VRTN gene mutations in the Liang Guang Small Spotted pig populations and their impact on carcass and meat quality traits, providing reference for molecular breeding of Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs.【Method】Genomic DNA of 69 Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs was extracted and subjected to PCR amplification.Gel electrophoresis and TA cloning were used to detect the mutations at the g.20311_20312ins291 and g.19034A>C loci of the VRTN gene. Carcass and meat quality traits of the population were recorded, and the animals were grouped based on their mutation status. Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests.【Result】Among the population, 5 individuals were identified as carrying heterozygous mutations at both loci, indicating that the two mutations may be closely linked, with a frequency of 3.62% for both mutations. Statistical analysis indicated that the VRTN linked mutation allele did not significantly affect the number of ribs in Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs. However, they did affect carcass and meat quality traits. In terms of carcass traits, the VRTN gene heterozygous mutations significantly increased body length by 4.6% (P < 0.05) and body weight by 9.6% (P < 0.01), increased body slant length by 3.5%, but the difference was not significant. The backfat thickness and skin thickness were increased by 6.5% and decreased by 3.7%, respectively, but without significant differences. In terms of meat quality traits, the brightness L, chromaticity index a and b values of the heterozygous mutants increased by 0.01%, 14.7%, and 8.4%, respectively. The water loss rate significantly increased by 51.2% (P < 0.05). The difference in changes of shear force and pH value are not significant.【Conclusion】The VRTN gene mutations g.20311_20312ins291 and g.19034A > C are detected in the Liang Guang Small Spotted pig populations, but their frequencies are relatively low. These two mutations may be tightly linked. The VRTN gene heterozygous mutations will not increase the number of thoracic vertebrae in Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs, but they improve carcass traits to some extent while also have adverse effects on meat quality traits. Future breeding of Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs needs to balance the impact of VRTN gene mutations on carcass traits and meat quality traits. |
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