| 柴学文 1,2，贡继尚 1,2，崔芳芳 1，康昭风 3，武艳平 3，周 敏 1,2，孙雪梅 4，许继国 1,2.鸡青黄脚和白色羽性状分子选育研究[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(11):132-138 |
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鸡青黄脚和白色羽性状分子选育研究 |
| Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection of Green Shank and White Feather Traits in Chickens |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.11.013 |
| 中文关键词: 青黄脚 白色羽 分子标记辅助选择 BCO2 TYR PMEL17 MC1R |
| 英文关键词: green shank white feather molecular marker-assisted selection BCO2 TYR PMEL17 MC1R |
| 基金项目:江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目（GJJ2202001）；新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项（2021E02030）；江西省良种联合攻关项目（2022JXCQZY03，2022JXCQZY04） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】鸡的胫色和羽色作为品种的特征性状是新品种选育的重要性状。通过分子生物学手段对鸡育种生产中的青黄脚和白色羽性状进行分析，探究其形成机制并建立相关的分子标记辅助选择方案。【方法】采用候选基因的方法，将 BCO2 基因作为鸡青黄脚形成的候选基因，以青黄脚、青脚和黄脚个体为材料，通过测序对 BCO2 基因上的目的位点进行分型，分析该位点与不同性状间的关系。分别将编码扩展基因座 e、显性白基因座 I 和隐性白基因座 C 的 MC1R、PMEL17 和 TYR 基因作为白色羽相关候选基因，以隐性白羽洛克鸡、快大型白羽肉鸡、合成隐性白品系和杂交后代白羽个体为试验材料，通过测序和 PCR 检测对相关候选突变进行分型，分析相关基因多态性与性状的关系。【结果】（1）青黄脚性状是由真皮层黑色素和胫部黄色鳞片相互作用的结果，BCO2 基因突变是青黄脚性状形成的关键，342 bp 处的突变位点可用于相关性状的分子标记辅助选择，淘汰 CT基因型个体即可达到纯化目的；（2）合成隐性白品系的隐性白基因座为 cc，后代白色羽不是因隐性白突变所致；（3）杂交白羽后代均携带 PMEL17 基因编码的显性白等位基因 I，全部为杂合子基因型 Ii；（4）杂交白羽后代均携带 MC1R 基因编码的 E 和 ER 等位基因；（5）显性白突变等位基因 I、E 和 ER 均来自快大型白羽肉鸡。【结论】青黄脚性状是由控制表皮颜色的 BCO2 基因上的突变导致，342 bp 位点可用于针对该性状的分子标记辅助选择；白色羽形成与隐性白突变无关，主要是由编码显性白等位基因 I 的 PMEL17 突变导致。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The shank and feather color, as the characteristic traits of breeds, which remains an important selective trait in the breeding process of new varieties. This study attempts to analyze the formation mechanism of green shank and white feather through molecular biology techniques and establish a molecular marker-assisted selection scheme for the above traits. 【Method】The BCO2 gene was selected as the candidate gene for the formation of green and yellow shank, and the target site on the BCO2 was typed by sequencing to analyze the relationship between the locus and different traits. The MC1R, PMEL17 and TYR encoding extended locus e, dominant white I and recessive white C were used as candidate genes related to white feather, and the recessive white Plymouth Rock breeds, fast-and-big-type white-feather broiler, synthetic recessive white line and hybrid offspring white feather individuals were used as experimental materials. The relevant candidate mutations were genotyped by Sanger sequencing, and the relationship between the polymorphism of related genes and traits was analyzed. 【Result】(1) The green and yellow shank trait is the result of the interaction of melanin in the dermis and the yellow scale in the shank. Mutations in the BCO2 gene are key to the formation of trait of green and yellow shank. The mutations site in 342 bp can be used for molecular marker-assisted selection of correlated traits. Purification can be achieved by eliminating CT genotype individuals. (2) The recessive white gene locus of synthetic recessive white line is cc, which is caused by a nonrecessive white mutation in the offspring white feathers. (3) The hybrids white feather offspring all carry the dominant white allele I encoded by the PMEL17 gene, all of which are heterozygous genotype Ii. (4) The hybrid white feather offspring all carry the E and ER alleles encoded by the MC1R gene. (5) The dominant white mutant alleles I, E and ER alleles are all derived from fast-and-big-type white-feather broiler. 【Conclusion】The green shank trait is caused by a mutation in the BCO2 gene that controls the skin color. The SNP located at 342 bp of the amplified fragment can be used for molecular marker-assisted selection for this trait. The formation of white feather has no relation with recessive white mutation, which is mainly due to
PMEL17 mutations encoding dominant white allele I. |
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