高产优质水稻品种粤禾丝苗抗倒伏性状及遗传分析

王晓飞; 陆展华; 刘 维; 王石光; 陈 浩; 巫浩翔; 何秀英

文章摘要

王晓飞，陆展华，刘维，王石光，陈浩，巫浩翔，何秀英.高产优质水稻品种粤禾丝苗抗倒伏性状及遗传分析[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(12):140-149

查看全文 HTML 高产优质水稻品种粤禾丝苗抗倒伏性状及遗传分析

Lodging Resistance and Genetic Analysis of the High-yield and High-quality Rice Variety Yuehesimiao

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.12.014

中文关键词: 水稻粤禾丝苗抗倒伏茎秆基部节间壁厚

英文关键词: rice Yuehesimiao lodging resistance stem basal internode wall thickness

基金项目:广东省自然科学基金（2021A1515010820）；广东省现代农业产业技术体系专项（2023KJ105）；广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室项目（2023B1212060042）

作者	单位
王晓飞，陆展华，刘维，王石光，陈浩，巫浩翔，何秀英	广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 / 农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种实验室（部省共建）/ 广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室 / 广东省水稻工程实验室，广东广州 510640

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中文摘要:

【目的】通过测量分析水稻基部茎秆的物理性状，探究这些性状与茎秆抗折力的关系，明确影响水稻基部茎秆抗折力的核心性状，为水稻抗倒伏品种选育提供理论基础。【方法】分析水稻品种粤禾丝苗、易倒伏品种象牙香占以及粤禾丝苗 × 象牙香占的 F2 遗传分离群体中与倒伏抗性相关的农艺性状，包括株高、单株抗弯力、基部节间抗折力和茎秆结构等，通过相关系数判断各性状对水稻抗倒伏性的影响大小。【结果】粤禾丝苗和象牙香占两个品种在抗倒伏性上存在显著差异。粤禾丝苗的 N2（基部第 2 节间）抗折力（16.58 N）、N2 壁厚（1.02 mm）、N2 充实度（0.19 g/cm）、N2 茎粗（6.21 mm）与象牙香占的 N2 抗折力（9.93 N）、N2 壁厚（0.66 mm）、N2 充实度（0.11 g/cm）、N2 茎粗（4.60 mm）相比均明显较大。F2 群体 N2 抗折力、N2 长度、N2 茎粗、茎秆壁厚、鲜重和充实度均呈连续分布，属于数量性状，由多基因控制。F2 群体的相关性分析结果表明，N2 抗折力与株高呈正相关（r=0.18），N2 抗折力与 N2 壁厚呈极显著正相关（r=0.75**）；N2 抗折力与 N2充实度呈显著正相关（r=0.67*）；N2 抗折力与 N2 短轴呈正相关（r=0.52）、N2 茎粗与 N2 长度呈负相关（r=-0.20）。【结论】粤禾丝苗 × 象牙香占 F2 群体抗倒伏遗传机制研究表明，N2 壁厚与 N2 抗折力呈极显著正相关，是茎秆抗倒伏的核心性状，是一个由多基因控制的数量性状。以 N2 壁厚为研究重点，将大大降低以往抗倒伏研究方法的复杂程度，为今后抗倒伏相关研究明确了目标和方向。

英文摘要:

【Objective】By measuring and analyzing the physical characteristics of the basal stems of rice, the relationship between these traits and the stem breaking resistance was explored, and the core traits affecting the basal stem breaking resistance of rice were identified, providing a theoretical basis for the breeding of rice lodging-resistant varieties. 【Method】The study analyzed the lodging resistance-related agronomic traits, including plant height, single plant bending resistance, basal internode breaking resistance, and stem structure, of the rice variety Yuehesimiao, the lodging-susceptible variety Xiangyaxiangzhan, and Yuehesimiao × Xiangyaxiangzhan F2 segregation populations. The influence of each trait on lodging resistance of rice was evaluated by correlation coefficient. 【Result】There are significant differences in lodging resistance between the two varieties of Yuehesimiao and Xiangyaxiangzhan. The N2 (second internode from the base) breaking resistance (16.58 N), N2 wall thickness (1.02 mm), N2 filling degree (0.19 g/cm), and N2 stem diameter (6.21 mm) of Yuehesimiao are significantly larger than those of Xiangyaxiangzhan (N2 breaking resistance: 9.93 N, N2 wall thickness: 0.66 mm, N2 filling degree: 0.11 g/cm, N2 stem diameter: 4.60 mm). The N2 breaking resistance, N2 length, N2 stem diameter, stem wall thickness, fresh weight and filling degree of the F2 population show continuous distribution and are controlled by polygenes. The correlation analysis results of the F2 population show that, N2 breaking resistance is positively correlated with plant height (r=0.18), N2 breaking resistance is significantly positively correlated with N2 wall thickness (r=0.75**). N2 breaking resistance is significantly positively correlated with N2 filling degree (r=0.67*). N2 breaking resistance is positively correlated with N2 minor axis (r=0.52) and N2 stem diameter is negatively correlated with N2 length (r=-0.20).【Conclusion】The genetic mechanism of lodging resistance in the F2 population of Yuehesimiao × Xiangyaxiangzhan shows that N2 wall thickness is significantly positively correlated with N2 breaking resistance and is the core trait of stem lodging resistance, which is a quantitative trait controlled by polygenes. Taking N2 wall thickness as the research focus will greatly reduce the complexity of previous research methods for lodging resistance, which clarifies the research goals and directions for future lodging resistance-related researches.

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