| 许继国 1，2，崔芳芳 2，张国生 3，许 桥 1，2.农业经济动物稀释毛色表型形成研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2024,51(2):1-15 |
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农业经济动物稀释毛色表型形成研究进展 |
| Research Progress on Phenotype Formation of Diluted Coat Color in Agricultural Economic Animals |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2024.02.001 |
| 中文关键词: 农业动物 毛色变异 稀释毛色 毛色稀释基因 遗传机制 |
| 英文关键词: fresh-cut Chinese water chestnut yellowing flavonoids enzyme activity gene expression |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金地区基金（32160784） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 639 |
| 全文下载次数: 628 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 毛色是家畜驯化过程中最早被选择的性状之一，对该性状的偏好性选择导致家畜毛色丰富多样。家畜的毛色表型是由黑素细胞中真黑色素（产生黑色 / 棕色）和褐黑色素（产生黄色 / 红色）的相对含量决定，当真黑色素或褐黑色素的合成被稀释，或者两种色素的合成均被稀释时，就会形成不同的稀释毛色表型。为深入理解家畜毛色变异的遗传机制，许多学者已经进行了大量的毛色遗传学研究，以确定家畜的毛色相关基因和因果突变。目前，已鉴定出超过 300 个基因座和 150 个与毛色相关的基因。稀释毛色表型作为动物毛色遗传研究领域的一个重要研究方向，其遗传学研究已取得了一定进展。已发现多个因果基因可以引起哺乳动物的毛色稀释和禽类的羽色稀释，这些基因通过影响潜在的色素形成途径来影响黑素细胞的发育和分化、黑色素的合成以及黑素小体的运输。相似的毛色稀释表型通常在不同物种间被发现，可能由保守的或不同的毛色稀释基因引起。在同一物种中，可能有多个基因导致相同或相似的稀释毛色表型。该文对农业经济动物（主要是猪、马、牛、羊、鸡）稀释毛色（羽色）表型的类型及其形成的因果基因和突变，以及遗传机理等研究进展进行综述，以期为动物稀释毛色（羽色）遗传机制的深入研究提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Coat color is considered to be one of the earliest selected traits during domestication of domestic animals, and the favorable selection for this trait results in the rich diversity of coat color of domestic animals. The coat color phenotype of domestic animals is determined by the relative amounts of eumelanins (black/brown) and pheomelanins (yellow/red) in melanocytes. When the synthesis of eumelanin or pheomelanins is diluted or when the synthesis of both pigments is diluted, a variety of diluted coat color phenotypes will be formed. In order to further understand the genetic mechanism of coat color variation in domestic animals, many scholars have conducted a large number of studies on the genetics of coat color to uncover genes and causal mutations associated with coat color.Currently, more than 300 gene loci and 150 genes related to coat color have been identified. Diluted coat color phenotype is an important research direction in the field of genetic research of animal coat color, and some progress has been made in its genetic research. Multiple causal genes have been reported to cause coat color dilution in mammals and feather color dilution in birds, and these genes generally affect melanocytes development and differentiation, melanin synthesis, and melanosome transport by influencing underlying pigment-forming pathways. Similar coat color dilution phenotype can often be found among species, which may be caused by conserved genes or by different genes. In the same species, there may be multiple genes that cause the same or similar diluted coat color phenotype. In the study, we reviewed the research progress on types of diluted coat color (feather color) phenotype of agricultural economic animals (mainly pigs, horses, cattle, sheep and chickens), the causal genes, mutations and genetic mechanisms of their formation, to provide references for further researches on the genetic mechanism of diluted coat color (feather color) in animals. |
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