| 邓明华，莫云容，吕俊恒，赵 凯，黄尧瑶，王岩岩，张 宏.辣椒类胡萝卜素生物合成的分子遗传学研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2024,51(2):71-80 |
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辣椒类胡萝卜素生物合成的分子遗传学研究进展 |
| Advances in Molecular Genetics of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Capsicum |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2024.02.007 |
| 中文关键词: 辣椒 类胡萝卜素 生物合成 分子遗传学 辣椒果实颜色 |
| 英文关键词: pepper carotenoid biosynthesis molecular genetics pepper fruit color |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32160708）；云南省科技计划项目（202102AE090005，202205AR070001）；云南省专家基层工作站项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 辣椒（Capsicum spp.）属于茄科辣椒属，作为一种蔬菜和香料作物在世界各地得到广泛栽培。除作为烹饪食材和香料应用外，辣椒在制药和化妆品领域也有广泛的用途。类胡萝卜素是一类天然色素的总称，参与植物许多重要的代谢过程，如光合作用、光保护、光形态建成和生长发育等。类胡萝卜素具有多种生物活性，是辣椒果实主要的营养物质之一，培育类胡萝卜素含量更高的辣椒品种需要全面深入了解其生物合成及其调控的分子机制。分子生物学和生物技术的发展促进了类胡萝卜素生物合成基因的鉴定，为培育类胡萝卜素含量更高的辣椒新品种提供了机会。该文描述了类胡萝卜素的生理作用、类胡萝卜素与辣椒果实颜色、类胡萝卜素生物合成途径、辣椒类胡萝卜素生物合成途径的结构基因及调控因子、辣椒果实颜色的分子遗传学及与辣椒果实颜色有关的 QTL 位点等方面的研究进展。牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶（GGPS）、八氢番茄红素合成酶（PSY）、八氢番茄红素脱氢酶（PDS）、ζ- 胡萝卜素去饱和酶（ZDS）、番茄红素环化酶（LCY）、辣椒红素 - 辣椒玉红素合成酶（CCS）等是辣椒类胡萝卜素生物合成通路的端口酶和限速酶，其表达丰度和活性高低直接调控辣椒体内类胡萝卜素的含量。MYB306、DIVARICATA1、BBX20 等转录因子参与辣椒类胡萝卜素生物合成的调控。类胡萝卜素生物合成和调控基因的多样性决定类胡萝卜素单体的数量和含量，影响辣椒果实呈现的颜色。基于目前研究进展，该文对未来辣椒类胡萝卜素代谢研究进行了展望，以期为今后培育富含类胡萝卜素的生物强化型辣椒新品种提供新思路。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Pepper (Capsicum spp.) belongs to the genus Capsicum in the Solanaceae family and is widely cultivated around the world as a vegetable and spice crop. In addition to its application as a cooking ingredient and spice, pepper also has a wide range of uses in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Carotenoids are a class of natural pigments involved in many important metabolic processes in plants, such as photosynthesis, photoprotection, photomorphogenesis and growth and development. Carotenoid is one of the main nutrients of pepper fruit, which has various biological activities. To cultivate varieties with higher carotenoid content, it is necessary to understand its biosynthesis and molecular mechanism of regulation.The development of molecular biology and biotechnology has promoted the identification of carotenoid biosynthesis genes, providing opportunities for breeding new varieties of pepper with higher carotenoid content. In this review, the physiological role of carotenoid, carotenoid and pepper fruit color, carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, structural genes and regulatory factors of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, molecular genetics of pepper fruit color and QTL sites related to pepper fruit color are described. GGPS, PSY, PDS, ZDS, LCY, CCS are port enzymes and rate-limiting enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway of pepper, and the expression abundance and activity of them directly regulate the carotenoid content in pepper. Transcription factors such as MYB306, DIVARICATA1 and BBX20 are involved in the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in pepper. The diversity of carotenoid biosynthesis and regulatory genes determines the amount and content of carotenoid monomer and affects the color of pepper fruit. Based on the current research progress, future research on carotenoid metabolism of pepper is prospected in order to provide new ideas for breeding new varieties of biofortified pepper rich in carotenoids in the future. |
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