不同中草药植物提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌抑菌活性评价

黄永丰1; 项丹丹 2; 江振兴 3; 李春雨 2; 胡位荣 1

文章摘要

黄永丰1，项丹丹 2，江振兴 3，李春雨 2，胡位荣 1.不同中草药植物提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌抑菌活性评价[J].广东农业科学,2024,51(3):48-55

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Evaluation of Inhibitory Activities of Different Chinese Herbal Medicine Plant Extracts Against Banana Fusarium Wilt Disease

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2024.03.005

中文关键词: 中草药植物提取物分离组分香蕉枯萎病抑菌活性

英文关键词: Chinese herbal medicine plant extract fraction separation banana Fusarium wilt inhibitory activity

基金项目:广东省乡村振兴战略专项（2023KJ109）；广东省农村科技特派员项目（2020）

作者	单位
黄永丰1，项丹丹 2，江振兴 3，李春雨 2，胡位荣 1	1. 广州大学生命科学学院，广东广州 510006；2. 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 / 农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室 / 广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室，广东广州 510640；3. 仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院，广东广州 510225

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中文摘要:

【目的】探究不同中草药提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑菌效果，筛选防治香蕉枯萎病的有效植物资源。【方法】选取大黄、穿心莲等 29 种中草药，采用乙醇浸提法提取中草药植物中的有效活性成分，应用生长速率法检测各提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌 4 号生理小种（Foc TR4）的抑制作用，使用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇 4 种不同极性溶剂对大黄的乙醇粗提物进行分级萃取，利用悬滴法测定提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用，并观察提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌菌丝形态的影响。【结果】29 种中草药提取物对 Foc TR4 的抑菌效果表现出较大差异，大黄、穿心莲、苦参、野菊花 4 种提取物对 Foc TR4 的抑菌效果较好，其中大黄提取物的抑制作用最佳，6 mg/mL 大黄提取物的抑菌率为 48.57%，对菌丝生长的 EC50 值为 6.68 mg/mL，抑制孢子萌发的 EC50 值为 4.60 mg/mL；通过光学显微镜观察，大黄提取物对 Foc TR4 菌丝具有一定破坏作用，使菌丝产生大量分枝和黏连并造成菌丝生长不均匀等现象；大黄乙醇粗提物的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇 4 个萃取组分中，乙酸乙酯萃取组分对 Foc TR4 菌丝生长和孢子萌发抑制效果最佳，其浓度为 10 mg/mL 时，对菌丝生长的抑制率可达 85.68%；大黄提取物乙酸乙酯萃取组分对 Foc TR4 菌丝生长的 EC50 值为 0.16 mg/mL。【结论】从 29 种中草药提取物中筛选出了抑菌效果较好的大黄提取物，并进一步明确其对香蕉枯萎病菌 Foc TR4 的主要有效抑菌成分在乙酸乙酯萃取组分中，可为研发防治香蕉枯萎病的植物源新农药提供参考。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The research aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of different Chinese herbal medicine extracts on banana Fusarium wilt, and to screen effective plant resources for the control of banana Fusarium wilt. 【Method】 Tests were carried out on 29 Chinese herbal medicines, including Rheum palmatum and Andrographis paniculata, and the effective active ingredients were extracted by ethanol extraction. The inhibitory effects of different extracts on Foc TR4 were detected by the growth rate method, and the ethanol extracts of Rheum palmatum were extracted by using four solvents with different polarities, namely, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on the spores germination of banana Fusarium wilt were determined by the pendant drop method, and the effects of the extracts on the mycelial morphology of banana Fusarium wilt were observed.【Result】The inhibitory effects of 29 herbal medicine extracts on Foc TR4 showed great differences, and four extracts, including Rheum palmatum, Andrographis paniculata, Sophora fl avescens, and Chrysanthemum indicum had better inhibitory effects on Foc TR4, among which the best inhibitory effect was achieved by Rheum palmatum extract, with the inhibitory rate of 6 mg/mL Rheum palmatum extract being 48.57%, and the EC50 of the mycelial growth being 6.68 mg/mL, while the EC50 of the spore germination was 4.60 mg/mL. Through observation by light microscope, the Rheum palmatum extract had a certain destructive effect on Foc TR4 mycelium, which produced a large number of branches and adhesions and caused uneven mycelial growth; among the four extraction fractions of the ethanolic crude extracts of Rheum palmatum, namely, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, the extract fraction of ethyl acetate showed the best inhibitory effects on the growth and spore germination of Foc TR4 mycelium, and the inhibition rate of mycelial growth could reach 85.68% when the concentration was 10 mg/mL. The EC50 value of ethyl acetate extract fraction of Rheum palmatum extract on Foc TR4 was 0.16 mg/mL.【Conclusion】The Rheum palmatum extract was screened out from 29 Chinses herbal medicine extracts with better inhibitory effect, and its main effective inhibitory component against banana Fusariu wilt Foc TR4 was in the ethyl acetate extract fraction was further clarified, which could provide a reference for the research and development of new pesticides from plant resources for the prevention and control of banana Fusarium wilt.

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