| 舒佳惠1，邹明民 1，马柱文 1，伍彩云 2，陈桢禄 3，谭宇劲 2，余 安 2，李章晓 2，李集勤 1，潘晓英 1，黄振瑞 1.广东湛江烟区不同雪茄品种综合性状评价[J].广东农业科学,2024,51(4):79-88 |
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广东湛江烟区不同雪茄品种综合性状评价 |
| Evaluation on Comprehensive Traits of Different Cigar Tobacco Varieties in Zhanjiang, Guangdong |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2024.04.007 |
| 中文关键词: 雪茄 品种筛选 变异系数 感官质量 综合指数 湛江烟区 |
| 英文关键词: cigar variety screening coefficient of variation sensory quality composite index Zhanjiang tobacco area |
| 基金项目:广东省烟草专卖局（公司）项目（粤烟科湘 202101）；湛江市烟草专卖局（公司）项目（湛烟科项申2022）；茂名市烟草专卖局（公司）项目（202102）； |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】综合评价不同雪茄品种的生态适应性，筛选适宜广东湛江烟区种植的雪茄品种。【方法】对 8 个新引进雪茄品种进行田间试验，分析比较其大田生育期、农艺性状、田间自然发病率、常规化学成分和感官质量评吸的差异，利用综合指数法对其进行综合性状评价。【结果】8 个雪茄品种的大田生育期均较长、平均为141.63 d，且品种间差异较大。其中，‘海研 108’和‘海研 201’大田生育期最短（均为 133 d）、‘云雪 8 号’最长（155 d）。农艺性状以‘云雪 8 号’和‘海研 200’综合表现最好，2 个品种的株高、最大叶宽、节距和有效叶数均优于 8 个品种的平均水平，表明这 2 个品种的田间生长势强。‘海研 200’‘海研 101’和‘云雪 2 号’的烟草普通花叶病发生率均较低，介于 5.09%~6.85%，且均无烟草气候斑点病发生，表明这 3 个品种的抗病性较强；常规化学成分协调性以‘海研 200’和‘海研 101’较好，综合得分均高于平均水平，但 2 个品种的钾氯比均低于优质烟叶适宜范围（4~10）。感官质量评吸以‘海研 101’得分最高（46.07），特点是香气量稍足、余味尚干净、回甜感较强和燃烧性较好。综合指数计算结果显示，8 个雪茄品种的得分排序为：‘海研 200’＞‘海研 101’＞‘云雪 8 号’＞‘云雪 2 号’＞‘海研 108’＞‘海研 201’＞‘云雪 3 号’＞‘Havana’。【结论】8 个新引进雪茄品种中，‘海研 200’和‘海研 101’的综合性状较好，适宜在湛江烟区引进种植，建议通过优化施肥方案、晾制与发酵工艺进一步提高烟叶质量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study aims to comprehensively evaluate the ecological adaptability of different cigar varieties and screen cigar varieties suitable for planting in Zhanjiang tobacco areas of Guangdong Province.【Method】Field experiments were carried out on 8 newly introduced cigar varieties to analyze and compare their differences in field growth periods, agronomic traits, natural disease rates, conventional chemical components and sensory quality evaluation. Finally, comprehensive index method was used to evaluate their comprehensive traits. 【Result】 All the eight cigar varieties had a long field growth period, with an average of 141.36 days. The field growth periods of different cigar varieties varied greatly, with a maximum difference of 22 days (133 days for ‘Haiyan 108’ and ‘Haiyan 201’, 155 days for ‘Yunxue 8’). ‘Yunxue 8’ and ‘Haiyan 200’ performed best at agronomic traits, their plant height, maximum leaf width, internodal length and effective leaf number were better than the average of the tested varieties, indicating that these two varieties had strong field growth potential. The incidence of tobacco mosaic virus of ‘Haiyan 200’, ‘Haiyan 101’ and ‘Yunxue 2’ was low, ranging from 5.09% to 6.85%, and no weather fleck occurred, indicating that the disease resistance of the three varieties was strong. ‘Haiyan 200’ and ‘Haiyan 101’had better coordination of conventional chemical components, and their comprehensive scores were higher than the average level, however, the potassium chloride ratio of the two varieties was lower than the suitable range of high-quality tobacco leaves (4-10). In sensory quality evaluation, ‘Haiyan 101’ scored the highest (46.07), which was characterized by slightly sufficient aroma, clean aftertaste, strong sweetness and good burning ability. The results of comprehensive index calculation showed that the scores of eight cigar varieties ranked as follows: ‘Haiyan 200’ ＞ ‘Haiyan 101’ ＞ ‘Yunxue 8’ ＞ ‘Yunxue 2’ ＞ ‘Haiyan 108’ ＞ ‘Haiyan 201’ ＞ ‘Yunxue 3’ ＞ ‘Havana’.【Conclusion】‘Haiyan 200’ and ‘Haiyan 101’ have good comprehensive properties and were suitable for planting in Zhanjiang tobacco areas. It is suggested to further improve the quality of tobacco leaves by optimizing the fertilization scheme as well as drying and fermentation technology. |
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