| 林 欣 1,2，区又君 1
，谢希尧 1,2 ，徐淑玉1,3 ，李加儿 1.急性低氧胁迫对四指马鲅幼鱼脾脏、心脏组织结构的影响[J].广东农业科学,2024,51(6):109-116 |
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急性低氧胁迫对四指马鲅幼鱼脾脏、心脏组织结构的影响 |
| Effects of Acute Hypoxia Stress on the Tissue Structure of Spleen and Heart of Juvenile Eleutheronema tetradactylum |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2024.06.011 |
| 中文关键词: 四指马鲅 急性低氧胁迫 脾脏 心脏 组织结构 |
| 英文关键词: Eleutheronema tetradactylum acute hypoxia stress spleen heart tissue structure |
| 基金项目:广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目（2022-SPY-00-013）；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务
费资助项目（2023TD58） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探究急性低氧对四指马鲅（Eleutheronema tetradactylum）幼鱼存活及其脾脏和心脏组织结
构的影响，为四指马鲅养殖生产提供技术支持和理论参考。【方法】往水中充入氮气，使水中氧气快速溢出降低水
体溶解氧的含量。设置常氧组（6.33±0.15 mg/L）、中度低氧组（3.99±0.18 mg/L）和重度低氧组（2.05±0.15 mg/L）
不同溶氧水平处理，每个处理组设 3 个平行，试验过程中关闭流水，用溶氧测量仪实时监测水体溶氧水平，通过调
节充气阀大小保持相应的溶氧水平。采用石蜡包埋、切片、苏木精 - 伊红（HE）染色的方法观察四指马鲅幼鱼心
脏和脾脏的组织结构变化情况。【结果】死亡率方面，常氧组的四指马鲅幼鱼无死亡现象；中度低氧组和重度低氧
组幼鱼胁迫 23 h 的死亡率为 10.0%~13.3%，26 h 为 30.0%~40.0%，29 h 为 43.3%~53.3%。脾脏组织结构方面，与常
氧组相比，中度低氧组幼鱼的白髓增多，淋巴细胞数量增多，周围红髓稀散分布，黑素巨噬细胞数量减少；重度低
氧组幼鱼的红髓面积扩大，白髓面积减小，淋巴细胞数量减少，黑色素巨噬细胞极少出现；心脏组织结构方面，中
度低氧组幼鱼心脏组织致密层变薄，海绵层心肌纤维变细，间距变宽，出现部分心肌纤维断裂现象；重度低氧组幼
鱼致密层变薄程度加大，海绵层心肌纤维变细，间质空间相比低氧组扩张程度加重，部分心肌细胞破裂，细胞核突
出，心肌纤维断裂，排列紊乱。【结论】急性低氧胁迫会影响四指马鲅幼鱼的存活率，溶氧水平越低，死亡率越高，
组织结构损伤程度随低氧水平而加重。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract: 【Objective】The study was carried out to explore the effects of acute hypoxia on the survival of Eleutheronema tetradactylum and their spleen and heart tissue structure, with a view to providing technical support and
theoretical references for the breeding and production of this species.【Method】Filling water with nitrogen to quickly overflow
oxygen and reduce the content of dissolved oxygen in the water. Different levels of dissolved oxygen treatment were set in
the experiment: normal oxygen group (6.33 ± 0.15 mg/L), moderate hypoxia group (3.99 ± 0.18 mg/L), and severe hypoxia
group (2.05 ± 0.15 mg/L). Each treatment group was set up with 3 parallel devices. During the experiment, the flowing water
was turned off, and the dissolved oxygen level in the water was monitored in real time by using a dissolved oxygen measuring
instrument. The corresponding dissolved oxygen level was maintained by adjusting the size of the inflation valve. Using paraffin
embedding, sectioning and hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining methods were used to observe the changes in tissue structure of
the heart and spleen of juvenile E. tetradactylum.【Result】In terms of mortality rate, there was no mortality observed in the
E. tetradactylum in the normal oxygen group; the mortality rates of juvenile fish under the stress in the moderate and severe
hypoxia groups were 10.0%-13.3% at 23 hours, 30.0% - 40.0% at 26 hours, and 43.3%-53.3% at 29 hours. In terms of spleen
tissue structure, compared with the normal oxygen group, the moderate hypoxia group showed an increase in white pulp and
the number of lymphocyte in juvenile fish, sparse distribution of peripheral red pulp, and a decrease in the number of melanin
macrophages; the red pulp area of juvenile fish in the severe hypoxia group expanded, with a decrease in the white pulp area
and the number of lymphocytes, and melanin macrophages rarely appearing. In terms of heart tissue structure, the compact layer
of heart tissue in juvenile fish in the moderate hypoxia group became thinner, the myocardial fibers in the sponge layer became
thinner, and the spacing became wider, and partial myocardial fiber rupture phenomenon occurred; the degree of thinning of the
compact layer and thinning of the myocardial fibers in the sponge layer of juvenile fish in the severely hypoxic group increased,
and the degree of expansion of the interstitial space increased compared to the hypoxic group, with partial myocardial cell
rupture, nucleus protrusion, myocardial fiber rupture, and disordered arrangement.【Conclusion】The study has shown that
acute hypoxia stress can affect the survival rate of juvenile E. tetradactylum. The lower the dissolved oxygen level, the higher
the mortality rate, and the degree of tissue structure damage increases with the level of hypoxia.juvenile |
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