铀对两种湿生植物生理生化及其积累特性的影响

李宇林; 罗学刚

文章摘要

李宇林，罗学刚.铀对两种湿生植物生理生化及其积累特性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2019,46(9):77-84

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Effects of Uranium on Physiological, Biochemical and Accumulation Characteristics of two Hygrophytes

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2019.09.011

中文关键词: 铀泽泻鱼腥草植物修复水体污染治理

英文关键词: uranium Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn Houttuynia cordata Thunb phytoremediation water pollution control

基金项目:国家国防基础科研计划项目（16ZG6101）

作者	单位
李宇林，罗学刚	西南科技大学环境与资源学院，四川绵阳 621010

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中文摘要:

【目的】为了研究铀对泽泻和鱼腥草两种湿生植物的生理生化及其积累特性的影响，探究其用于修复铀污染水体的可行性。【方法】设置浓度 5、30、55 mg/L 铀处理进行水培试验，每个处理 3 次重复，并设空白对照；21 d 后测定植物抗氧化酶活性、光合参数、荧光参数、丙二醛及可溶性蛋白含量。【结果】（1）在不同铀浓度处理下，泽泻和鱼腥草的抗氧化酶活性均呈现先升后降的趋势，在铀浓度 30 mg/L 时，两种植物的过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等抗氧化酶活性均达到最大值，分别比对照上升 11.79%、114.69%、69.64% 和 6.03%、19.91%、10.71%；在铀浓度 55 mg/L 时，两种植物的 MDA 含量达到最高，分别比对照上升 70.42% 和 55.42%。（2）不同的铀浓度处理下，两种湿生植物的光合速率（A）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间 CO2 浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）等光合参数及最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、光合性能指数（PIABS）等叶绿素荧光参数均受到不同程度的影响，在铀浓度 55 mg/L 时，两种植物的叶片 Ci 分别比空白对照下降 13.14% 和 27.49%；Tr 均呈先升后降趋势，泽泻叶片 Gs 呈先增后减、鱼腥草叶片 Gs 呈逐渐上升趋势；两种植物的光合速率在铀浓度 55 mg/L 时下降最为明显，分别比对照下降 55.19% 和 85.92%，Fv/Fm 分别比对照下降 25.27% 和 1.45%；两种植物的 PIABS 均先升后降，泽泻 PIABS 在铀浓度 5 mg/L 时达到最大值、比对照上升 146.43%，鱼腥草泽泻 PIABS 在铀浓度 30 mg/L 时达到最大值、比对照上升 86.57%。（3）两种植物茎叶和根部对铀的富集浓度在 55 mg/L 时达到最大，分别为 2 778.74、10 393.94 mg/kg 和 3 184.91、6 515.00 mg/kg。【结论】本研究表明泽泻和鱼腥草对铀均有一定的富集能力和耐受性。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The experiment was conducted to study the effects of uranium on the physiological, biochemical and accumulation characteristics of two kinds of hygrophytes(Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. and Houttuynia cordata), and to explore the feasibility of its application in uranium contaminated water remediation.【Method】Different uranium treatment concentrations (5, 30, 55 mg/L) were set for hydroponic experiments, repeated for 3 times in each treatment. After 21 days, activity of oxidase, photosynthetic parameters, fluorescence parameters, malondialdehyde and soluble protein contents were determined.【Result】The results show that, the antioxidant enzyme activity of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn and Houttuynia cordata showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing under different concentrations of uranium treatment. At the uranium concentration of 30 mg/L, the antioxidant enzyme activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) of the two plants all reached the maximum values, which increased by 11.79%, 114.69%, 69.64% and 6.03%, 19.91% , 10.71% , respectively, compared with those of the control group. With the treatment of uranium concentration of 55 mg/L, the MDA content of the two plants reached the highest level, which increased by 70.42% and 55.42%, respectively compared with that of the control group. At different uranium concentrations, the photosynthetic parameters (photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr)) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic performance index (PIABS) of the two plants were influenced differently. At the uranium concentration of 55 mg/L, the Ci of leaves of two plants decreased by 13.14% and 27.49% respectively, compared with that of the blank control group. The leaf Tr of both plants increased first and then decreased, while the leaf Gs of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn increased first and then decreased. The leaf Gs of Houttuynia cordata increased gradually. The photosynthetic rate of the two plants decreased most obviously at uranium concentration of 55 mg/L, which was 55.19% and 85.92% lower than that of the control group, respectively. Compared with that of the control group, Fv/Fm of the two plants decreased by 25.27% and 1.45%, respectively. PIABS of the two plants increased first and then decreased. At uranium concentration of 5 mg/L, the PIABS of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn reached the maximum value, which was 146.43% higher than that of the control group, and PIABS of Houttuynia cordata was 86.57% higher than that of the control group at uranium concentration of 30 mg/L. (3) The enrichment concentration of uranium in plants reached the maximum value at 55 mg/L, and the enrichment concentrations of the stem, leaf and root reached 2 778.74, 10 393.94 mg/kg and 3 184.91, 6 515.00mg/kg, respectively.【Conclusion】Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn and Houttuynia cordata have certain enrichment ability and tolerance to uranium.

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