生物肥料对当归生长及土壤酶活性、微生物多样性的影响

李　娟; 王文丽; 赵　旭

文章摘要

李　娟，王文丽，赵　旭.生物肥料对当归生长及土壤酶活性、微生物多样性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(6):39-46

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Effects of Biological Fertilizers on Angelica sinensis Growth and Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Diversity

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.06.006

中文关键词: 生物肥料当归促生土壤酶可培养微生物微生物功能多样性

英文关键词: biological fertilizer Angelica sinensis growth promotion soil enzyme culturable microorganism microbial functional diversity

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0501401）；甘肃省农业科学院科技支撑计划（2017GAAS40）

作者	单位
李　娟，王文丽，赵　旭	甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所，甘肃兰州 730070

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中文摘要:

【目的】研究当归专用生物肥料对当归的促生和增产效果以及对土壤根际微生物群落多样性和土壤酶活性的影响，为当归生物肥料的推广应用提供依据。【方法】以岷归为试材，通过盆栽试验设置对照、载体、生物肥料 3 个处理，在当归收获时采集根际土壤，测定土壤中脲酶和磷酸酶活性，并采用 Boilog-MicroPlate和平板稀释计数相结合的方法，研究当归根际土壤微生物数量和多样性。【结果】生物肥料对当归芦头直径、根的生长有显著促进作用。与对照相比，生物肥料处理芦头直径、根干重增幅分别为31.39%、100.5%，与载体处理相比分别增加 19.2%、56.1%。与对照相比，生物肥料处理根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量增幅分别达 154%、21.6%、34.7%，土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性增幅分别为 46.9%、19.9%、43.0%。通过Boilog-MicroPlate 方法研究土壤微生物功能多样性发现，施用生物肥料后，AWCD 值、Shannon-Wiener 指数（H’）、McIntosh 指数（U）显著提高，单一碳源 D- 木糖、葡萄糖 -1- 磷酸盐、L- 苯基丙氨酸、甘氨酰 -L- 谷氨酸、D，L-α-甘油、I- 赤藻糖醇、N- 乙酰基 -D- 葡萄胺的利用率显著提高，L- 丝氨酸、丙酮酸甲酯、腐胺、4- 羟基苯甲酸、D-半乳糖醛酸、衣康酸、D- 苹果酸 7 种碳源的利用率降低。【结论】当归专用生物肥料能够显著促进当归根生长，提高土壤微生物数量及土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The effects of angelica special biological fertilizer on growth promotion and yield increase of A. sinensis, diversity of soil rhizosphere microbial community and soil enzyme activity were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of angelica biological fertilizer.【Method】With the A. sinensis from Min county, Gansu Province, China as test material, the pot experiment was conducted with three treatments of control, carrier and biological fertilizer. The rhizosphere soil was collected at harvest of A. sinensis, the urease and phosphatase activities in soil were determined, and the number and diversity of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere of A. sinensis were investigated by Boilog-MicroPlate and plate dilution counting methods.【Result】Angelica biological fertilizer significantly promoted the diameter and the root growth of A. sinensis. Compared with the control, the diameter and root dry weight of A. sinensis increased by 31.39% and 100.5%, respectively; compared with the carrier treatment, the diameter and root dry weight increased by 19.2% and 56.1%, respectively. Compared with the control, Angelica biological fertilizer significantly increased the number of rhizosphere soil bacteria, fungi and antinomycetes, with the increase by 154%, 21.6% and 34.7%, respectively. The activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase increased by 46.9%, 19.9% and 43.0%, respectively. Based on the functional diversity of soil microorganisms investigated by Biolog-MicroPlate method, it was found that the AWCD value, the Shannon-Wiener index（H'） and the McIntosh index（U） were increased significantly, and the utilization rates of D-xylose, Glucose-1-phosphate, L-phenylalanine, Glycyl-L-glutamic acid, D,L-α-glycerol, I-erythritol, N-acetylD-glucosamine from single carbon source improved significantly, while the utilization ratio of L-serine, methyl pyruvate, putrescine, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, D-galacturonic acid, itaconic acid, and D-malic acid from 7 carbon sources decreased. 【Conclusion】Angelica biological fertilizer can significantly promote the growth of A. sinensis root, and increase the quantity of soil microorganisms and the activities of soil urease, acid phospatase and alkaline phosphatase.

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