减肥加镁对冬瓜产量及果实品质的影响

焦加斌; 李金隆; 郑朝元; 谢大森; 张白鸽

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焦加斌，李金隆，郑朝元，谢大森，张白鸽.减肥加镁对冬瓜产量及果实品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(9):124-132

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Effects of Fertilizer Reduction and Adding Magnesium Supplement on Yield and Fruit Quality of Wax Gourd

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.09.014

中文关键词: 黑皮冬瓜化肥减量增施镁肥产量果实品质

英文关键词: black gourd fertilizer reduction magnesium supplement yield fruit quality

基金项目:广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2020B020220003）；国家自然科学基金（32002137）；财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-23-G-48）；国际镁营养研究所项目（IMI2018-01）

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焦加斌，李金隆，郑朝元，谢大森，张白鸽

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中文摘要:

【目的】研究化肥减量配施镁肥对冬瓜产量及品质的影响，为冬瓜生产提供科学施肥方案。【方法】采用华南地区主要大型冬瓜品种铁柱二号为材料，以广东地区冬瓜种植户平均化肥施用量（N 490 kg/hm2、 P2O5 360 kg/hm2、K2O 420 kg/hm2）为对照（CK），比较化肥减量（ N 350 kg/hm2、P2O5 180 kg/hm2、K2O 375 kg/hm2）情况下增施镁肥（ MgO 30、60、90、120 kg/hm2，分别为 Mg1、Mg2、Mg3、Mg4 4 个镁水平）处理对冬瓜的产量、产量构成因素、品质和经济效益的影响。【结果】Mg3 处理冬瓜中部横径、下部横径、单果质量和产量分别比 CK 显著增加 11.60%、18.15%、24.60% 和 24.57%。Mg4 处理降低了冬瓜果实各部位的果肉硬度。与CK 相比，减肥加镁处理可明显提高冬瓜果实表面光泽度，其中 Mg2、Mg3 和 Mg4 处理分别提高 17.54%、9.00%和 24.44%；显著增加冬瓜果皮色泽度，Mg3 处理效果最好，其中 L 值比 CK 降低 4.97%，a 值增加 53.78%，b值降低 47.74%；显著提高冬瓜果实的花青素指数，Mg2、Mg3、Mg4 处理均增加 2.78%；有效降低冬瓜果实的叶绿素指数，Mg3 和 Mg4 处理分别降低 5.09% 和 10.03%；有效提高冬瓜的经济效益，Mg2、Mg3 处理分别提高25.92%、36.07%。施肥处理未对冬瓜果实内部可溶性固形物含量和类黄酮指数造成明显影响。【结论】化肥减量配施镁肥处理能够显著提升冬瓜的产量和果实品质。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The study was conducted to explore the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with magnesium fertilizer on the yield and quality of wax gourd, so as to provide a scientific fertilization strategy for wax gourd production.【Method】Tiezhu No.2, a major large variety of wax gourd in South China, was used as the material. Taking the average fertilizer application amount of wax gourd farmers in Guangdong (N 490 kg/hm2, P2O5 360 kg/hm2, K2O 420 kg/hm2) as the control (CK), and the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction treatments (N 350 kg/hm2, P2O5 180 kg/hm2, K2O 375 kg/hm2) and magnesium fertilizer gradients (MgO 3 0, 60, 90, 120 kg/hm2) (Mg1-4, respectively) on yield, yield components, quality and economic benefit of wax gourd were compared.【Result】Mg3 treatment significantly increased the middle transverse diameter, lower transverse diameter, single fruit weight and yield of wax gourd by 11.60%, 18.15%, 24.60% and 24.57%, respectively. The Mg4 treatment reduced the fruit hardness of various parts. Compared with CK, reducing NPK and adding magnesium significantly increased the surface glossiness of wax gourd fruit, which was increased by 17.54%, 9.00% and 24.44% under Mg2, Mg3 and Mg4 treatments, respectively. The pericarp color of wax gourd was significantly increased, Mg3 treatment had the best effect, and the L value and b value were decreased by 4.97% and 47.74% while a value increased by 53.78% compared with CK. The anthocyanin index of wax gourd fruit was significantly increased by reducing NPK and adding magnesium fertilizer treatments, and that of Mg2, Mg3 and Mg4 were all increased by 2.78%. The chlorophyll indexes of wax gourd fruits of Mg3 and Mg4 were decreased by 5.09% and 10.03%, respectively. In the end, the economic benefit of wax gourd production was effectively improved, and that of Mg2 and Mg3 increased by 25.92% and 36.07%, respectively. Fertilization had no significant effect on the contents of soluble solids and flavonoid index in the fruit of wax gourd.【Conclusion】Fertilizer reduction combined with magnesium fertilizer could significantly improve the yield and fruit quality of wax gourd.

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