| 张怀胜，张晓祥，王平喜，进茜宁，吴向远.玉米细胞质雄性不育与恢复基因研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(5):1-9 |
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玉米细胞质雄性不育与恢复基因研究进展 |
| Research Advances on Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Restorer Genes in Maize |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.05.001 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 细胞质雄性不育 分子机理 不育系 恢复基因 |
| 英文关键词: maize cytoplasmic male sterility molecular mechanism sterile line restorer gene |
| 基金项目:河南省重点研发与推广专项（科技攻关）（222102110091，222102110050）；河南科技学院师资队伍博士化计划建设项目（103020222001/014） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 758 |
| 全文下载次数: 800 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 玉米作为我国重要的粮、饲两用作物在保障粮食安全，推动社会经济发展和提供工业能源等方面
扮演着关键的角色。细胞质雄性不育是高等植物中普遍存在的生物学现象，玉米细胞质雄性不育可以分为 T 型、
C 型与 S 型 3 种类型。不育基因来源于线粒体基因重排形成嵌合基因，新形成的嵌合基因对花药中小孢子的发
育产生危害导致败育的发生。恢复基因的存在可以消除不育基因的危害，使小孢子正常生长。由于不育基因为
线粒体基因，恢复基因为细胞核基因，对细胞质不育与恢复机理的研究同样是探究质 - 核互作关系的桥梁。同
时对雄性不育系的利用是玉米利用杂种优势的一个重要技术手段，玉米生产上利用细胞质雄性不育对于作物杂
种优势的利用、杂交种的制种都有重要意义，不但能够解放劳动力降低制种成本，而且提高了制种纯度增加产量。
对玉米细胞质雄性不育的分类、特征及近年来发现的玉米细胞质雄性不育基因与育性恢复基因进行概述，并探
讨了玉米细胞质雄性不育应用过程中的问题与发展前景，以其为细胞质雄性不育在生产上的推广利用提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As an important food and forage crops in China, corn plays a key role in guaranteeing food security,
promoting social and economic development and providing industrial energy. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a common
biological phenomenon in higher plants. CMS of maize can be divided into three types: T type, C type and S type. Sterility
genes are derived from mitochondrial gene rearrangement to form chimeric genes. The newly formed chimeric genes harm
the development of anther microspores and lead to abortion. The existence of restorer gene can eliminate the harm of sterility
gene and make microspore grow normally. Since the sterility genes are mitochondrial genes and the restorer genes are
nuclear genes, the study on the mechanism of cytoplasmic sterility and restorer is also a bridge to explore the relationship
between cytoplasmic and nuclear interactions. At the same time, the utilization of male sterile lines is an important
technical means for maize to utilize heterosis. The utilization of cytoplasmic male sterile lines in maize production is of great
significance to the utilization of crop heterosis and seed production of hybrid seeds. It can not only liberate labor force and
reduce seed production cost, but also improve seed production purity and increase yield. In this paper, the classification and
characteristics of CMS in maize as well as the CMS genes and fertility restorer genes discovered in maize in recent years were summarized, and the problems and development prospects in the application of CMS in maize were discussed, which could
provide references for the promotion and utilization of CMS in production. |
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